Melanoma Peptide Clinical Trials

Ian D. Davis and Michael T. Lotze

Although various immunologic approaches to the treatment of cancer have been used for over a century,1 it is only relatively recent that specific human cancer targets have been defined allowing specific therapy against them. Burnet2 proposed a theory of immunosurveillance almost 30 years ago, pos...

Gp100 and G250: Towards Specific Immunotherapy Employing Dendritic Cells in Melanoma and Renal Cell Carcinoma

Joost L.M.Vissers, I. Jolanda M. de Vries, Egbert Oosterwijk, Carl G. Figdor and Gosse J. Adema

A long history of studies demonstrate the capacity of the immune system to develop specific reactivity against antigens foreign to the host, like viral and bacterial antigens. During the last decade it is becoming more and more apparent that an immune response can also be mounted against tumor-as...

Peptide Vaccines for the Treatment of Melanoma

Willem W. Overwijk and Nicholas P. Restifo

The development of cancer vaccines has been greatly advanced by the recent identification of many tumor-associated antigens (TAA) recognized by T cells.1,2 A majority of these antigens have been cloned from melanoma, including the MAGE family, which are also expressed in normal testes, as well as...

Peptides in Cervical Cancer

Maaike E. Ressing, Remco M.P. Brandt, Joan H. de Jong, Rienk Offringa, Cornelis J.M. Melief and W. Martin Kast

Observations that susceptibility to several cancer types is increased in immunocompromised individuals have led to the assumption that immune responses are able to interfere with tumor development.1 Early attempts focussed on the general activation of the patient’s immune system as a means of can...

Peptides in Prostate Cancer

Michael L. Salgaller

The timely detection and effective treatment of prostatic cancer is one of the major health problems faced in the United States and, to a comparable extent, the rest of the world. It is predicted that there will be over 180,000 newly diagnosed cases of prostate cancer in the U.S. in 1998, making ...

Clinical Trials of HER-2/neu Peptide-Based Vaccines

Mary L. Disis and Martin A. Cheever

Cancer vaccines are not used routinely in the clinical practice of most oncologists, despite decades of study. Several advances in basic immunology over the last few years have forced a re-evaluation of cancer vaccine development. The most important finding has been that human tumors are immunoge...

Cytotoxic T Cell Epitopes and Tissue Distribution of the HER-2/neu Proto-Oncogene: Implications for Vaccine Development

Barbara Seliger, Koji Kono, Y. Rongcun and Rolf Kiessling

The development of immunotherapeutic methods to treat cancer is critically depen dent on the identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAA). Several immunodominant peptide epitopes, recognized by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) lines and clones, have been defined from human melanomas.1-6 This wa...

Studies of MUC1 Peptides

Vasso Apostolopoulos, Geoffrey A. Pietersz and Ian FC McKenzie

There have been more studies of Mucin 1 (MUC1) peptides in breast cancer than of any other peptides in this disease, and it is appropriate that the use of MUC1 peptides and vaccines be reviewed here. In contrast to melanoma peptides (discussed elsewhere), where the peptide epitopes were defined b...

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Peptides and Vaccines for Carcinoma

Jeffrey Schlom

This Chapter addresses the current status of the development of recombinant vaccines employing carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) as the target antigen. Included is an over view of preclinical studies and the pros and cons of CEA as a vaccine target. Several CEA peptides that are recognized by human ...

Cancer Peptide Vaccines in Clinical Trials

Jeffrey S. Weber

The revelation that protein antigens were processed into peptides by a pathway of intracellular degradation and presented on the surface of antigen presenting cells for recognition by T-cells in association with class I and II MHC molecules created a new paradigm for the generation and detection ...

Critical Dependence of the Peptide Delivery Method on the Efficacy of Epitope Focused Immunotherapy

Gregory E. Holt, Markwin P. Velders, Michael P. Rudolf, Laurie A. Small, Maurizio Provenzano, Sanne Weijzen, Diane M. Da Silva, Marten Visser, Simone A.J. ter Horst, Remco M.P. Brandt and W. Martin Kast

Tumor immunotherapy describes the use of the immune system as a tool to eliminate cancer from the stricken patient. The theory contends that immunization against certain proteins either associated with or specific for the tumor will create a potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) immunity able to se...

p53: A Target for T-Cell Mediated Immunotherapy

Michel P.M. Vierboom, Dmitry I. Gabrilovich, Rienk Offringa, W. Martin Kast and Cornelis J.M. Melief

Burnet’s theory of immunosurveillance postulates that malignant transformation causes the expression of neoantigens. The theory states tumor specific antigens are recognized by the immune system, which then destroys the malignant cells.1 A role for the immune system, especially T cells, in contro...

Mutant Oncogene and Tumor Suppressor Gene Products and Fusion Proteins Created by Chromosomal Translocations as Targets for Cancer Vaccines

V. Ellen Maher, B. Scott Worley, David Contois, M. Charles Smith, Michael J. Kelley, Michael Stipanov, Samir N. Khleif, Theresa Goletz, Leon van den Broeke, Crystal Mackall, Lee J. Helman, David P. Carbone and Jay A. Berzofsky

Identification and Selection of T-Cell Epitopes Derived from Tumor-Associated Antigens for the Development of Immunotherapy for Cancer

Esteban Celis

Because the immune system has the capacity to recognize and in many cases destroy tumor cells, significant efforts are being devoted to the development of immune-based therapies for cancer. Both cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and helper T lymphocytes (HTL) have been shown to react with antigens ex...