New Bacterial Vaccines
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Edited By:Ronald W. EllisShire Biologics, Inc. Bernard R. Brodeur Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec ISBN: 978-0-306-47832-1 Published: 2003-10-15 This book may be purchased as an eBook (pdf) for $99, or individual chapters (pdf) may be purchased from the list below for $19. |
Chapters available from this book
Neisseria meningitidis Vaccines
Carl E. Frasch and Margaret C. Bash
Meningococcal disease, both endemic and epidemic, remains a major cause of meningitis in many countries. Protective immunity is mediated primarily by bactericidal antibodies against the capsular polysaccharides as well as against outer membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide components. This arti...
Vaccines against Vibrio cholerae
James D. Campbell and James B. Kaper
Cholera, the acute diarrheal disease caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139, continues to cause endemic disease and epidemic outbreaks in many parts of the world. The highest incidence of disease is found in poor countries with inadequate waste disposal and contaminated water supplies. ...
Typhoid Vaccines
Deborah House and Gordon Dougan
Typhoid fever is a systemic illness caused by infection with the Gram negative bacterium Salmonella enterica sub-species 1 serovar Typhi (S. typhi). Patients with typhoid fever can be broadly divided into two groups, those with ‘mild’ disease (uncomplicated typhoid fever) and those with complicat...
New Generation Tuberculosis Vaccines for Targeted Populations
Uli Fruth and Michael J. Brennan
Every year, almost two million HIV-negative individuals die as a consequence of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), and many hundreds of thousands more succumb to tuberculosis as a direct consequence of the breakdown of immunity caused by HIV.1,2 These deaths occur despite the availability of effective ...
Streptococcus pneumoniae Vaccines
James C. Paton and David E. Briles
Almost sixty years after the advent of penicillin, Streptococcus pneumoniae (the pneumococcus) continues to cause more deaths from invasive infections (pneumonia, meningitis and bacteremia) than any other bacterium. It is also the most common cause of acute otitis media in children, which, althou...
Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine
Jean C. Lee
Staphylococcus aureus is frequently isolated from both hospital-acquired and community-acquired infections, and the emergence of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates has made treatment of staphylococcal infections difficult. This scenario has sparked renewed interest in the development o...
Vaccines for Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Gregory P. Priebe and Gerald B. Pier
Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide variety of serious infections, particularly in the critically ill,1,2 the immunocompromised,3,4 and those with cystic fibrosis.5 It also causes community-acquired bacterial ulcerative keratitis of the eye, particularly in users of extended-wear contact lenses....
A Vaccine for Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae
Allan W. Cripps and Jennelle M. Kyd
Nontypable H. influenzae (NTHI) is a common commensal of the upper respiratory tract residing in both the nasopharynx and the posterior oropharynx. It is one of the leading causative bacterial pathogens of otitis media (OM) in children and serious urogenital, neonatal and mother-infant infections...
Moraxella catarrhalis
Timothy F. Murphy
The recognition of Moraxella catarrhalis in the past two decades as an important human respiratory tract pathogen has stimulated much interest in research on the organism. Recent work has unequivocally established M. catarrhalis as a common cause of otitis media and of lower respiratory tract inf...
Lyme Disease Vaccine
Janine Evans and Erol Fikrig
Lyme disease occurs throughout the world. Most cases of Lyme borreliosis are reported from temperate regions and coincide with the distribution of the principal vector, ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex, including I. ricinus, which is found in most of Europe; Ixodes persulcatus, which is found ...
Helicobacter pylori Vaccines
Gabriela Garcia and Jacques Pappo
Helicobacter pylori is a motile, Gram negative spiral organism with gastric trophism. Approximately half of the world’s population is infected with H. pylori, and the infection persists for life unless treated with antimicrobials and a proton-pump inhibitor. Commonly acquired during childhood, th...
Academic Pursuits of Vaccines against Group B Streptococcus
Lawrence C. Paoletti
Today’s welcome declines in the prevalence of early-onset group B Streptococcus (GBS) neonatal disease—due to active surveillance and use of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis 1—may become tomorrow’s problematic emergence of GBS strains bearing antibiotic resistance.2,3 Vaccines against GBS offer...
Group A Streptococcus Vaccine Research: Historical Synopsis and New Insights
Sean D. Reid, Kimmo Virtaneva and James M. Musser
Streptococcus pyogenes, commonly referenced to as Lancefield group A Streptococcus (GAS), is a gram positive human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases including pharyngitis, scarlet fever, necrotizing fasciitis, and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS). Post-infectious sequelae such a...
A Vaccine for Gonorrhea
P. Frederick Sparling, Christopher E. Thomas and Weiyan Zhu
There is minimal evidence for naturally-acquired immunity to reinfection by the gonococcus. However, recent improvements in understanding the roles in pathogenesis played by a variety of cell surface molecules, availability of multiple models for infection including human volunteers, and developm...
Escherichia coli Vaccines
Myron M. Levine and Michael S. Donnenberg
Escherichia coli is a component of the normal intestinal flora where it performs physiological functions. However, in immunocompromised hosts or in normal hosts whose anatomical barriers have been disrupted (as by trauma), E. coli can cause invasive septicemic disease. Moreover, there exist subse...
Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae Vaccines
Svend Birkelund and Gunna Christiansen
Chlamydia spp. are obligate intracellular Gram negative bacteria with a unique biphasic developmental cycle. C. trachomatis and C. pneumoniae most frequently cause human infections. C. trachomatis strains of the trachoma biovar (serovar A, B and C) are mucosal pathogens that cause the ocular infe...
New Technologies for Bacterial Vaccines
Ronald W. Ellis
Vaccines represent one of the two most effective health-care interventions of the past century. As was the case with the introduction of supplies of clean water, vaccinations with billions of doses during the 20th century are estimated to have contributed an additional 10-15 years to the average ...
Mucosal Immunity
Michael W. Russell
A perceptive reader scanning the Contents of this volume will notice that of 16 bacterial infections covered, only one (Borrelia burgdorferi) is normally delivered transcutaneously by arthropod bite; the remaining 15 either directly afflict, or normally invade across a mucosal surface. There is n...
Live, Attenuated Salmonella Vaccine Vectors
Sims K. Kochi and Kevin P. Killeen
There were few effective means available for preventing human infectious diseases prior to the beginning of the 19 th century, and millions of people succumbed to smallpo x, cholera, diphtheria, typhoid fever, and influenza. In the late 1700s, Edward Jenner conceived the notion to vaccinate human...
DNA Vaccines
John J. Donnelly
DNA vaccines have been used widely in laboratory animals and nonhuman primates over the last decade to induce antibody and cellular immune responses. This approach has shown some promise in models of infectious diseases of both bacterial and viral origin as well as in tumor models. Clinical trial...
Universal Proteins As an Alternative Bacterial Vaccine Strategy
Bernard R. Brodeur, Denis Martin, Stéphane Rioux, Nathalie Charland and Josée Hamel
In the last two decades, discoveries in biological sciences have allowed vaccine research to expand rapidly. Progress in the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response to infection, molecular biology, genomics, proteomics and bioinformatics have revolutionized the way vacci...
Genomics and Proteomics in Vaccine Design
John L. Telford, Mariagrazia Pizza, Guido Grandi and Rino Rappuoli
In 1881, Louis Pasteur, the father of bacterial vaccines and immunology, demonstrated publicly the first vaccine against a bacterial infection. His vaccine, against anthrax in sheep, consisted of Bacillus anthracis attenuated by high-temperature growth in his laboratory. At Pouilly-Le-Fort, a sma...
