CTLA-4 in Autoimmune Disease
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Edited By:Flemming PociotSteno Diabetes Center ISBN: 978-1-58706-068-7 Published: 2004-05-24 This book may be purchased as an eBook (pdf) for $99, or individual chapters (pdf) may be purchased from the list below for $19. |
Chapters available from this book
CTLA-4: Its Role in Transplant Tolerance and Rejection
David M. Rothstein and Fadi G. Lakkis
Transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage heart, kidney, liver, and pancre atic islet disease. Current strategies require life-long immunosuppression in attempts to inhibit the alloimmune response and prevent acute and chronic rejection.Tolerance remains the holy grail for achievin...
CTLA-4 in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Lorenza Nisticò, Isabella Cascino, Raffaella Buzzetti and Paolo Pozzilli
The current etiological classification defines type 1 diabetes as a chronic hyperglycemia due to a cellular mediated immune destruction of the insulin-secreting pancreatic beta-cells. This disease is characterized by the presence at the onset of antibodies against insular molecules (islet cell an...
CTLA-4 in Addison’s Disease
Klaus Badenhoop
Addison’s disease is a rare autoimmune disorder of adrenal destruction leading to death if unrecognised and untreated. Usually non-surgical adrenal insufficiency is caused by either tuberculous granuloma, other infectious agents such as observed in AIDS or has no clear etiology in about 70-80% th...
CTLA-4 in Multiple Sclerosis
Rebecca J. Greenwald, Yvette Latchman and Arlene H. Sharpe
The B7:CD28/CTLA-4 pathway has a pivotal role in regulating T cell immune responses and manipulation of this key immunoregulatory pathway may lead to the development of therapeutic interventions to control autoimmunity. This pathway is complex because the B7-1 and CD86 costimulatory molecules hav...
CTLA-4 in Myasthenia Gravis
Ann Kari Lefvert
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is commonly regarded as the prototype for an organ specific antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. The disease is characterized by an immune response against the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor on the neuromuscular junction. The symptoms, weakness and increased fatigability...
CTLA-4 in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Peter P. Sfikakis and Stamatis-Nick Liossis
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disease characterised by symmetric polyarthritis of the small joints of the hands and feet and the larger appendicular joints. The etiology of RA is still unknown. Although several features of autoimmunity are prominent in these patien...
CTLA-4 in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
David I. Daikh and David Wofsy
The recent characterization of several costimulatory interactions between antigen presenting cells and T cells represents a major advance in our understanding of both normal adaptive immune responses and pathologic autoimmune responses. Furthermore, characterization of these costimulation pathway...
CTLA-4: Its Role in the Immune Response
Maria-Luisa Alegre and Thomas F. Gajewski
T lymphocytes are essential for host defense against many viral or parasitic infections, and also contribute to defense against tumors. In addition, T cells mediate rejection of transplanted organs, and, if inappropriately activated to recognize self-antigens, can cause autoimmune diseases. Under...
Autoimune Disorders—A Common Link?
Flemming Pociot
The immune system has evolved to protect multicellular organisms from pathogens. It is therefore perplexing that this system turns on the individual, in some cases precipitating catastrophic autoimmune disease. The capability of the immune system to destroy a variety of cell types is evident, bot...
