Mechanisms of Insulin Action
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Edited By:Alan R. SaltielLife Sciences Institute Jeffrey E. Pessin State University of New York at Stony Brook ISBN: 978-0-387-72203-0 Published: 2007-06-15 This book may be purchased as an eBook (pdf) for $99, or individual chapters (pdf) may be purchased from the list below for $19. |
The purpose of this book is to gather together several renowned experts to produce a monograph on Insulin Action. The articles herein provide novel insight into the key issues underlying the molecular biology of insulin action and insulin resistance. De Meyts et al, cover the structure and function of insulin and insulin-like growth factor receptors. Watson and colleagues outline the events at the intersection of signal transduction and vesicle trafficking that are crucial to the stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin. Debbie Thurmond reviews the important events that occur when glut4 vesicles dock and fuse at the plasma membrane. Christian and Lawrence comment on the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of protein synthesis by insulin, while Clark and Newgard review those mechanisms responsible for changes in hepatic fuel metabolism. Because gene expression is so important in metabolism, Sutherland et al, outline the steps that are involved in the regulation of transcription by insulin. As the primary event in metabolic control, Kulkarni describes how the beta cell is regulated by insulin, and in related work, Obici and Rossetti cover the central control of peripheral insulin sensitivity. Much progress in studies of insulin action has been made in animal models, and Oriente and Accili review transgenic and knock out models of insulin action and resistance. Finally, Courtney and Olefsky review the occurrence and treatment of insulin resistance. Together, these authors have provided a comprehensive summary of our understanding of insulin action from cellular physiology to the integration of tissue specific signaling events that are responsible for whole body glucose homeostasis.
Chapters available from this book
Central Regulation of Insulin Sensitivity
Silvana Obici and Luciano Rossetti
Insulin rapidly lowers blood glucose levels via inhibition of endogenous glucose production and stimulation of glucose uptake. The mechanisms by which insulin modulates hepatic glucose production involve either activation of insulin signaling in hepatocytes (direct effects) or activation of insulin ...
Transgenic Models of Impaired Insulin Signaling
Francesco Oriente and D Accili
Insulin resistance plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including diabetes, obesity, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. The predisposition to insulin resistance results from genetic and environmental factors. The search for gene variants that predispose to insulin r...
Insulin Action Gene Regulation
Calum Sutherland, Richard M. O'Brien and Daryl K. Granner
Insulin regulates metabolism by altering the concentration of critical proteins or by inducing post-translational modifications of preexisting molecules. The latter represents a well-recognized action of insulin, and it has been extensively studied for many years. By contrast, it is only recently th...
Insulin Resistance
C. Hamish Courtney and Jerrold M. Olefsky
Insulin resistance can be said to exist “whenever normal concentrations of hormone produce a less than normal biological response”. In the 1930s, Himsworth first differentiated patients with diabetes mellitus into “insulin sensitive” and “insulin insensitive” based on the ability of subcutaneous ins...
Insulin Action in the Islet b-Cell
Rohit N. Kulkarni
The techniques that allow spatio-temporal control of gene deletion or gene expression in transgenic and knockout animals have been useful to directly evaluate the roles of the insulin and IGF-1 receptors and proteins in their signaling pathway in islet cells. While a functional role for insulin sign...
Control of Protein Synthesis by Insulin
Joseph F. Christian and John C. Lawrence, Jr.
The stimulation of protein synthesis is a classic action of insulin. Loss of the stimulatory effect of insulin on protein synthesis contributes to the cessation of growth and weight loss, which are hallmarks of untreated Type 1 diabetes mellitus. The effect of insulin on protein metabolism is comple...
Hepatic Regulation of Fuel Metabolism
Catherine Clark and Christopher B. Newgard
It has been recognized for more than a century that the liver plays an important role in maintaining metabolic fuel homeostasis. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize mechanisms by which circulating glucose and lipid concentrations are controlled by hepatic metabolic activities. Glucose metabo...
Subcellular Compartmentalization of Insulin Signaling Processes and GLUT4 Trafficking Events
Robert T. Watson, Alan R. Saltiel, Jeffrey E. Pessin and Makoto Kanzaki
Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are the major sites of postprandial glucose disposal. The insulin-regulated transport of glucose into these tissues is a multi-step process that begins with the binding of insulin to its cell surface receptor. Once activated, the insulin receptor generates multiple...
Regulation of Insulin Action and Insulin Secretion by SNARE-Mediated Vesicle Exocytosis
Debbie Thurmond
Maintenance of glucose homeostasis requires ‘cross-talk’ between pancreatic insulin secretion and insulin signaling in the peripheral tissues. Both insulin secretion and glucose uptake are regulated exocytotic processes mediated by SNARE protein complexes. SNARE core complexes are heterotrimeric, co...
Insulin and IGF-I Receptor Structure and Binding Mechanism
Pierre De Meyts, Waseem Sajid, Jane Palsgaard, Anne-Mette Theede, Lisbeth Gauguin, Hassan Aladdin, Jonathan Whittaker and Jonathan Whittaker
The insulin and IGF-I receptors are members of the superfamily of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Unlike most RTKs that are single-chain monomeric transmembrane polypeptides, the insulin and IGF-I receptors are covalent dimers composed of two extracellular £ subunits and two transmembrane £] subun...
