Transgenesis and the Management
of Vector-Borne Disease
|
Edited By:Serap AksoyDivision of Epidemiology and Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health ISBN: 978-0-387-78224-9 Published: 2008-03-10 This book may be purchased as an eBook (pdf) for $99, or individual chapters (pdf) may be purchased from the list below for $19. |
Parasitic, bacterial and viral agents continue to challenge the welfare of humans, livestock, wild life and plants worldwide. The public health impact and financial consequences of these diseases are particularly hard on the already overburdened economies of developing countries especially in the tropics. Many of these disease agents utilize insect hosts (vectors) to achieve their transmission to mammals. In the past, these diseases were largely controlled by insecticide-based vector reduction strategies. Now, many of these diseases have reemerged in the tropics, recolonizing their previous range, and expanding into new territories previously not considered to be endemic. Habitat change, irrigation practices, atmospheric and climate change, insecticide and drug resistance as well as increases in global tourism, human traffic and commercial activities, have driven the reemergence and spread of vector borne diseases. While these diseases can be controlled through interventions aimed at both their vertebrate and invertebrate hosts, no effective vaccines exist, and only limited therapeutic prospects are available for their control in mammalian hosts. Molecular technologies such as transgenesis, which is the subject of this book, stand to increase the toolbox and benefit disease management strategies.
Chapters available from this book
Alphavirus Transducing Systems
Brian D. Foy and Ken E. Olson
Alphavirus transducing systems (ATSs) are important tools for expressing genes of interest (GOI) in mosquitoes and nonvector insects. ATSs are derived from infectious cDNA clones of mosquito-borne RNA viruses (family Togaviridae). The most common ATSs in use are derived from Sindbis viruses; however...
Technological Advances to Enhance Agricultural Pest Management
Thomas A. Miller, Carol R. Lauzon and David J. Lampe
Biotechnology offers new solutions to existing and future pest problems in agriculture including, for the first time, possible tools to use against insect transmitted pathogens causing plant diseases. Here, we describe the strategy first described as Autocidal Biological Control applied for the deve...
Wolbachia-Based Technologies for Insect Pest Population Control
Kostas Bourtzis
Wolbachia are a group of obligatory intracellular and maternally inherited bacteria found in many arthropod species, including insects, mites, spiders, springtails, crustaceans, as well as in certain nematodes. Several PCR-based surveys suggest that over 20% of the arthropod species may be Wolbachia...
Modifying Insect Population Age Structure to Control Vector-Borne Disease
Peter E. Cook, Conor J. McMeniman and Scott O'Neill
Age is a critical determinant of the ability of most arthropod vectors to transmit a range of human pathogens. This is due to the fact that most pathogens require a period of extrinsic incubation in the arthropod host before pathogen transmission can occur. This developmental period for the pathogen...
Insect Population Suppression Using Engineered Insects
Luke Alphey, Derric Nimmo, Sinead O'Connell and Nina Alphey
Suppression or elimination of vector populations is a tried and tested method for reducing vector-borne disease, and a key component of integrated control programs. Genetic methods have the potential to provide new and improved methods for vector control. The required genetic technology is simpler t...
Paratransgenesis Applied for Control of Tsetse Transmitted Sleeping Sickness
Serap Aksoy, Brian Weiss and Geoffrey Attardo
African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Subsaharan Africa for human and animal health. In the absence of effective vaccines and efficacious drugs, vector control is an alternative intervention tool to break the disease cycle. This chapter describes ...
Impact of Technological Improvements on Traditional Control Strategies
Mark Q. Benedict and Alan S. Robinson
Since 1982 when transgenesis of Drosophila melanogaster splashed onto the scientific scene, members of the vector biology community (e.g., refs. 3,4) and international public health organizations have recognized the potential utility of transgenesis to produce a modern incarnation of a historically ...
Using Predictive Models to Optimize Wolbachia-Based Strategies for Vector-Borne Disease Control
Jason L. Rasgon
The development of resistance to insecticides by vector arthropods, the evolution of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents by parasites and the lack of clinical cures or vaccines for many diseases has stimulated a high-profile effort to develop vector-borne disease control strategies based on releas...
Perspectives on the State of Insect Transgenics
David A. O'Brochta and Alfred M. Handler
Genetic transformation is a critical component to the fundamental genetic analysis of insect species and holds great promise for establishing strains that improve population control and behavior for practical application. This is especially so for insects that are disease vectors, many of which are ...
Proposed Uses of Transposons in Insect and Medical Biotechnology
Peter W. Atkinson
Transposons are small pieces of DNA that can transpose through either RNA or DNA intermediates. They have been found in almost all organisms and are important components of the evolutionary process at the chromosomal level. They have provided the raw genetic material that has produced domesticated g...
Bacteria of the Genus Asaia: A Potential Paratransgenic Weapon Against Malaria
Guido Favia, Irene Ricci, Massimo Marzorati, Ilaria Negri, Alberto Alma, Luciano Sacchi, Claudio Bandi and Daniele Daffonchio
Symbiotic bacteria have been proposed as tools for control of insect-borne diseases. Primary requirements for such symbionts are dominance, prevalence and stability within the insect body. Most of the bacterial symbionts described to date in Anopheles mosquitoes, the vector of malaria in humans, hav...
Applications of Mosquito Ecology for Successful Insect Transgenesis-Based Disease Prevention Programs
Thomas W. Scott, Laura C. Harrington, Bart G. J. Knols and Willem Takken
Successful application of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMMs) for disease prevention requires close collaboration among scientists with a diverse spectrum of expertise. Perspectives ranging from theoretical to empirical-within the context of appropriate ethical, social, and cultural guidelines-wi...
The Yin and Yang of Linkage Disequilibrium: Mapping of Genes and Nucleotides Conferring Insecticide Resistance in Insect Disease Vectors
William C. Black IV, Norma Gorrochetegui-Escalante, Nadine P. Randle and Martin J. Donnelly
Genetic technologies developed in the last 20 years have lead to novel and exciting methods to identify genes and specific nucleotides within genes that control phenotypes in field collected organisms. In this review we define and explain two of these methods: linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping and...


