Chapter category: Cancer Genetics
Renal Carcinoma
Translocations in Solid Tumors
Edited by: Colin CooperISBN: 1-58706-033-7
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Chapter authors:
Colin S. Cooper and Janet M. Shipley
Renal neoplasms account for 3% of adult malignancies with approximately 27,000 cases and more than 10,000 deaths in the US each year.1 In children renal tumors, predominantly Wilm's tumor, account for 8% of cancers. Many different categories of benign and malignant tumor are now distinguished based on histopathological appearance. In addition to Wilm's tumor and mesoblastic nepthroma in children, papillary and nonpapillary renal cell carcinomas, chromophobe tumors, renal oncocytoma and collecting duct tumors are recognized in adults. Although considerable attention has been directed towards understanding the molecular mechanisms of development of these cancers, to date only a handful of the genes involved in the development of this group of diseases have been identified. This chapter is not intended to represent a comprehensive review of this work but instead will focus on the description of translocations found predominantly within a subgroup of papillary renal tumors. The discovery of these recurrent translocations in renal carcinomas may be considered of particular importance because the majority of chromosomal translocations previously documented at the molecular level have been found in sarcomas and leukemias. The only other examples of recurrent translocation found in human carcinoma are the recurrent translocations involving the RET and TRK genes found in papillary thyroid cancer (see Chapter 10). Isolated cases of translocations have, however, been characterized in other carcinoma types. For example, the fusions involving the TPC and HPR genes found in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line2 and fusions involving the tropomyosin and TRK gene found in a colorectal carcinoma cell line.3 To place the work on renal carcinoma translocations in context, related areas will briefly be considered. For more detailed reviews of Wilm's tumor the reader should consult references 4 and 5.
Additional chapters from this book:
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Specific chromosomal translocations are found in several solid tumors, including many sarcomas (Table 1) and some epithelial tumors (Table 2). Sever...
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Renal neoplasms account for 3% of adult malignancies with approximately 27,000 cases and more than 10,000 deaths in the US each year.1 In children renal tumors, predominantly Wilm's...
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Molecular analysis of gene fusions expressed in human tumors is providing numerous insights into the oncogenic process. Most chimeric oncoproteins characterized to date appear to act as aberra...
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Molecular Cytogenetics of Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements
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Since the end of the last century karyotypicabnormalities have been known to occur in neoplastic cells.1–2 Significant progress in the interpretation of these aberrations was, ...
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Most of the chromosome translocations discussed in this book were discovered through cytogenetic analyzes. In fact, traditional cytogenetic approaches, in which various stains are used to prod...
Toward New Approaches: Targeting Tumor Specific Molecular Alterations with Immune Based Therapy
C. L. Mackall, T. J. Goletz, J. A. Berzofsky and L.J. Helman
Effective immune based therapies for cancer have long been sought by immunologists and oncologists. Indeed many of the basic immunologic principles of transplantation were discovered serendipi...
Molecular Diagnostics
Marc Ladanyi
Specific chromosomal translocations are found in several solid tumors, including many sarcomas (Table 1) and some epithelial tumors (Table 2). Several lines of evidence suggest that the fusion...
Renal Carcinoma
Colin S. Cooper and Janet M. Shipley
Renal neoplasms account for 3% of adult malignancies with approximately 27,000 cases and more than 10,000 deaths in the US each year.1 In children renal tumors, predominantly Wilm's...
Thyroid Cancer
M. A. Pierotti, I. Bongarzone, M. G. Borrello, A. Greco, S. Pilotti and G. Sozzi
The thyroid gland manifests a wide spectrum of malignant neoplasms, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which develop from the neural–crest derived C cells, and tumors originatin...
ETV6–NTRK3 Gene Fusions in Spindle Cell Tumors of Early Childhood
Poul H.B. Sorensen
Molecular analysis of gene fusions expressed in human tumors is providing numerous insights into the oncogenic process. Most chimeric oncoproteins characterized to date appear to act as aberra...
Chromosome Translocations in Dermatofibrosarcoma
Claude Turc-Carel
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DP), also named Darier–Ferrand tumor, is a soft tissue tumor typically located in the deep dermis. It arises at any site but preferentially in the subcuta...
Synovial Sarcoma
Janet M. Shipley and Colin S. Cooper
Synovial sarcoma accounts for about 10% of adult soft tissue sarcomas with approximately 200 new cases a year in the UK and 800 in the USA. They occur mainly in adolescence although can presen...
The TLS-CHOP Oncoprotein and Human Liposarcoma
Masahiko Kuroda, John Sok and David Ron
In thinking about cancers that may be amenable to specific therapeutic approaches, one is drawn to the relatively small group of neoplasms, mainly leukemias, lymphomas and sarcomas, that have ...
Chromosomal Translocations in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Frederic G. Barr
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is one subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a heterogeneous family of soft tissue tumors that generally occur in pediatric patients and are related to the skelet...
Chromosome Translocations in Benign Solid Tumors
Wim J.M. Van de Ven, Koen Kas, Marleen M.R. Petit, Eric F.P.M. Schoenmakers, and Marianne L. Voz
The evolution from classical genetics to molecular genetics and genetic engineering has revealed the immense potential of gene manipulation for basic science, medicine, and biotechnology. The ...
Molecular Cytogenetics of Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements
R.F. Suijkerbuijk, A. Simons, and A. Geurts van Kessel
Since the end of the last century karyotypicabnormalities have been known to occur in neoplastic cells.1–2 Significant progress in the interpretation of these aberrations was, ...
Cytogenetics of Solid Tumors
Jonathan A. Fletcher
Most of the chromosome translocations discussed in this book were discovered through cytogenetic analyzes. In fact, traditional cytogenetic approaches, in which various stains are used to prod...
