Chapter category: Signal Transduction
Intracellular Targeting of Rho Family GTPases: Implications of Localization on Function
Rho GTPases
Edited by: Marc SymonsISBN: 0-306-47992-3
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Chapter authors:
David Michaelson, Mark Rush and Mark R. Philips
Rho proteins are Ras-related GTPases that regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. More than fifteen mammalian Rho proteins have been described including RhoA-E, G and H, Rac1-3, two isoforms of Cdc42hs, and TC10. Originally identified based on their sequence homology to Ras, a great deal of interest in Rho proteins was awakened when Ridley and Hall discovered that RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42hs differentially regulate the actin cytoskeleton.1-3 Subsequently it was found that Rho family GTPases were also involved in signalling pathways, including the JNK/stress-activated protein kinase4,5 and p38 6 MAP kinase cascades and the serum response factor pathway7 that lead to transcriptional activation. Moreover, Ras-mediated cellular transformation is dependent on Rho GTPases.8 Other cellular processes regulated by Rho GTPases include the phagocyte NADPH oxidase,9,10 insulin-stimulated recruitment of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane,11,12 macrophage phagocytosis,13 endocytosis,14-16 epithelial cell polarization,17 and morphogenesis.
Additional chapters from this book:
Rho Family GTPases and Cellular Transformation
Antoine E. Karnoub and Channing J. Der
Members of the Ras-related Rho family of GTPases act as key signalling nodes that regulate a variety of crucial cellular activities including morphology, motility, and proliferation. Their aberrant ...
Regulation of the RhoGTPases by RhoGDI
Gregory R. Hoffman and Richard A. Cerione
Signal transduction pathways mediated by the Rho-family GTPases require tight temporal and spatial control. The GDI proteins are key components of the regulatory machinery controlling both the timin...
Rho GTPases in Plants
Aline H. Valster, Peter K. Hepler and Jonathan Chernoff
Plants contain a unique group of Rho family GTPases called Rop. Members of the Rop subgroup are numerous and highly similar to each other. They share some basic signalling properties with Rho family...
The Dictyostelium Rho Family of Proteins
David Seastone and James A. Cardelli
The Rho family of small GTPases is found in all eukaryotic cells and participates in the regulation of a diverse number of different biological processes, including the regulation of motility, phago...
Cell-Cell Adhesion
Vania M.M. Braga and Martha Betson
Cell-cell adhesion is an essential process for tissue architecture. During development and differentiation, intercellular adhesion provides a selective way for choosing like-neighbours and spatial c...
Rho GTPases in the Organization of the Actin Cytoskeleton
Ed Manser
Cells change their shape by altering their internal cytoskeleton. It has become apparent that in all eukaryotes Rho-family GTPases orchestrate changes to the actin cytoskeleton. In the last few year...
Intracellular Targeting of Rho Family GTPases: Implications of Localization on Function
David Michaelson, Mark Rush and Mark R. Philips
Rho proteins are Ras-related GTPases that regulate a wide variety of cellular processes. More than fifteen mammalian Rho proteins have been described including RhoA-E, G and H, Rac1-3, two isoforms ...
Signalling Networks of Rho GTPases
Emmanuel Vignal, Anne Blangy and Philippe Fort
GTPases of the Rho family act as molecular switches that convert extracellular signals into multiple cellular effects. Although more than 20 members are known in mammals, only RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42 h...
Rho GTPases in Lipid Metabolism
Maikel P. Peppelenbosch
In view of the fundamental importance of both the activation of Rho-like GTPases as well as the stimulation of phospholipid metabolism for cellular signal transduction, it should come as no surp...
Rho Family Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors
Ian P. Whitehead
The guanine nucleotide exchange factors for the Rho GTPases (RhoGEFs) are a large family of proteins that share a dual structural motif designated the DH/PH domain. The interaction of Rho with r...
Rnd Proteins: Intriguing Members of the Rho Family
Pierre Chardin
The three Rnd proteins form a distinct sub-branch of the Rho family. They appear to differ from most other Rho family proteins in their basic functional cycle (see Preface). Rnd1 and Rnd3 exchan...
