Chapter category: T-Cell Activation
The ICOS/B7RP-1 Costimulation Pathway
The B7-CD28 Family Molecules
Edited by: Lieping ChenISBN: 0-306-47842-0
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Chapter authors:
Steven K. Yoshinaga
A novel costimulation pathway homologous to CD28/B7 has recently been discovered and characterized. The Inducible Costimulator (ICOS) is structurally and functionally homologous to CD28. The B7-Related Protein-1 (B7RP-1) is structurally and functionally homologous to B7.1 and B7.2 (B7.1/2), and is the ligand for ICOS. ICOS/B7RP- 1 is emerging as a costimulatory pathway for a variety of effector and memory T-cell responses. Th2 responses are particularly sensitive to ICOS/B7RP-1 regulation; however, Th1 and CD8+ activities are also affected by its function. ICOS is not present on naïve T-cells, but is rapidly induced after primary antigen stimulation. B7RP-1 is expressed on a number of different cell types, including professional and non-professional antigen presenting cells (APCs), and may play a role in the establishment of costimulatory environments in peripheral tissues. Manipulation of the pathway results in alterations of immune responses that may be applicable in therapeutic indications as diverse as cancer, infectious and autoimmune diseases, and transplantation. These initial characterizations of the pathway indicate that the regulation of ICOS/ B7RP-1 holds promise in the control of immunological disease at the level of effector T-cell responses in peripheral tissues.
Additional chapters from this book:
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Role of ICOS in T Cell Activation
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Inducible costimulator (ICOS) was recently identified as a novel member of the CD28 family by Hutloff et al.1 A monoclonal antibody (mAb), F44, specific for human ICOS was generated by immunization ...
The ICOS/B7RP-1 Costimulation Pathway
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A novel costimulation pathway homologous to CD28/B7 has recently been discovered and characterized. The Inducible Costimulator (ICOS) is structurally and functionally homologous to CD28. The B7-Rela...
PD-1:PD-1 Ligand Pathway
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The PD-1:PD-1 ligand pathway is a new pathway within the B7:CD28 superfamily. This pathway consists of the PD-1 receptor and its two ligands PD-L1 (B7-H1) and PD-L2 (B7-DC).1-4 This chapter focuses ...
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Costimulatory Molecules in T Cell Development, Activation and Effector Function: Similar Activity, Opposite Consequences
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