Chapter category: Cancer Genetics
Molecular Cytogenetics of Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements
Translocations in Solid Tumors
Edited by: Colin CooperISBN: 1-58706-033-7
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Chapter authors:
R.F. Suijkerbuijk, A. Simons, and A. Geurts van Kessel
Since the end of the last century karyotypicabnormalities have been known to occur in neoplastic cells.1–2 Significant progress in the interpretation of these aberrations was, however, not made until the introduction and continuous improvement of various chromosome banding techniques, which allowed the identification of individual chromosomes and specified chromosomal regions.3–8 Through the years that followed, it became apparent that the malignancy–associated aberrations are clustered to specific chromosomes, both in experimental animals and in man.9–15 At present, three major types of chromosomal changes thatoccur in malignant cells, either alone or in combination, can be distinguished: (a) numerical changes, due to gain or loss of whole chromosomes or fragments thereof; (b)structural changes, due to translocation, inversion ordeletion of specific chromosomal regions; and (c) complex changes such as double minutes (see Fig.1a), homogeneously staining regions (see Fig. 1b), abnormally banding regions and unidentifiable markers and/or ring chromosomes (see Figs. 1c–d). The former anomalies have been attributed to gene amplification.16 Currently, it has become clear that most chromosomal changes tend to cluster to a relatively small number of chromosomal bands,17 thereby pointing at the location of genes that are most relevant for cancer development.
Additional chapters from this book:
Toward New Approaches: Targeting Tumor Specific Molecular Alterations with Immune Based Therapy
Crystal L. Mackall, Theresa J. Goletz, Jay A. Berzofsky, and Lee J. Helman
Effective immune based therapies for cancer have long been sought by immunologists and oncologists. Indeed many of the basic immunologic principles of transplantation were discovered serendipi...
Molecular Diagnostics
Marc Ladanyi
Specific chromosomal translocations are found in several solid tumors, including many sarcomas (Table 1) and some epithelial tumors (Table 2). Sever...
Renal Carcinoma
Colin S. Cooper and Janet M. Shipley
Renal neoplasms account for 3% of adult malignancies with approximately 27,000 cases and more than 10,000 deaths in the US each year.1 In children renal tumors, predominantly Wilm's...
Thyroid Cancer
Marco A. Pierotti, Italia Bongarzone, Maria Grazia Borrello, Angela Greco, Silvana Pilotti and Gabriella Sozzi
The thyroid gland manifests a wide spectrum of malignant neoplasms, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which develop from the neural–crest derived C cells, and tumors originatin...
ETV6–NTRK3 Gene Fusions in Spindle Cell Tumors of Early Childhood
Poul H.B. Sorensen
Molecular analysis of gene fusions expressed in human tumors is providing numerous insights into the oncogenic process. Most chimeric oncoproteins characterized to date appear to act as aberra...
Chromosome Translocations in Dermatofibrosarcoma
Claude Turc-Carel
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DP), also named Darier–Ferrand tumor, is a soft tissue tumor typically located in the deep dermis. It arises at any site but preferentially in the subcuta...
Synovial Sarcoma
Janet M. Shipley and Colin S. Cooper
Synovial sarcoma accounts for about 10% of adult soft tissue sarcomas with approximately 200 new cases a year in the UK and 800 in the USA. They occur mainly in adolescence although can presen...
The TLS-CHOP Oncoprotein and Human Liposarcoma
Masahiko Kuroda, John Sok, and David Ron
In thinking about cancers that may be amenable to specific therapeutic approaches, one is drawn to the relatively small group of neoplasms, mainly leukemias, lymphomas and sarcomas, that have ...
Chromosome Translocations in the Ewing Family of Tumors
Olivier Delattre and Nicolas Sévenet
Ewing's sarcoma of bone was originally identified by James Ewing in 1921 as a tumor of long bones, distinct from osteosarcoma, sensitive to radiation and of possible endothelial origin. Subseq...
Chromosomal Translocations in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Frederic G. Barr
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is one subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a heterogeneous family of soft tissue tumors that generally occur in pediatric patients and are related to the skelet...
Chromosome Translocations in Benign Solid Tumors
Wim J.M. Van de Ven, Koen Kas, Marleen M.R. Petit, Eric F.P.M. Schoenmakers and Marianne L. Voz
The evolution from classical genetics to molecular genetics and genetic engineering has revealed the immense potential of gene manipulation for basic science, medicine, and biotechnology. The ...
Molecular Cytogenetics of Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements
R.F. Suijkerbuijk, A. Simons, and A. Geurts van Kessel
Since the end of the last century karyotypicabnormalities have been known to occur in neoplastic cells.1–2 Significant progress in the interpretation of these aberrations was, ...
Cytogenetics of Solid Tumors
Jonathon A. Fletcher
Most of the chromosome translocations discussed in this book were discovered through cytogenetic analyzes. In fact, traditional cytogenetic approaches, in which various stains are used to prod...
Toward New Approaches: Targeting Tumor Specific Molecular Alterations with Immune Based Therapy
C. L. Mackall, T. J. Goletz, J. A. Berzofsky and L.J. Helman
Effective immune based therapies for cancer have long been sought by immunologists and oncologists. Indeed many of the basic immunologic principles of transplantation were discovered serendipi...
Molecular Diagnostics
Marc Ladanyi
Specific chromosomal translocations are found in several solid tumors, including many sarcomas (Table 1) and some epithelial tumors (Table 2). Several lines of evidence suggest that the fusion...
Renal Carcinoma
Colin S. Cooper and Janet M. Shipley
Renal neoplasms account for 3% of adult malignancies with approximately 27,000 cases and more than 10,000 deaths in the US each year.1 In children renal tumors, predominantly Wilm's...
Thyroid Cancer
M. A. Pierotti, I. Bongarzone, M. G. Borrello, A. Greco, S. Pilotti and G. Sozzi
The thyroid gland manifests a wide spectrum of malignant neoplasms, including medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which develop from the neural–crest derived C cells, and tumors originatin...
ETV6–NTRK3 Gene Fusions in Spindle Cell Tumors of Early Childhood
Poul H.B. Sorensen
Molecular analysis of gene fusions expressed in human tumors is providing numerous insights into the oncogenic process. Most chimeric oncoproteins characterized to date appear to act as aberra...
Chromosome Translocations in Dermatofibrosarcoma
Claude Turc-Carel
Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans (DP), also named Darier–Ferrand tumor, is a soft tissue tumor typically located in the deep dermis. It arises at any site but preferentially in the subcuta...
Synovial Sarcoma
Janet M. Shipley and Colin S. Cooper
Synovial sarcoma accounts for about 10% of adult soft tissue sarcomas with approximately 200 new cases a year in the UK and 800 in the USA. They occur mainly in adolescence although can presen...
The TLS-CHOP Oncoprotein and Human Liposarcoma
Masahiko Kuroda, John Sok and David Ron
In thinking about cancers that may be amenable to specific therapeutic approaches, one is drawn to the relatively small group of neoplasms, mainly leukemias, lymphomas and sarcomas, that have ...
Chromosomal Translocations in Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma
Frederic G. Barr
Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) is one subtype of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), a heterogeneous family of soft tissue tumors that generally occur in pediatric patients and are related to the skelet...
Chromosome Translocations in Benign Solid Tumors
Wim J.M. Van de Ven, Koen Kas, Marleen M.R. Petit, Eric F.P.M. Schoenmakers, and Marianne L. Voz
The evolution from classical genetics to molecular genetics and genetic engineering has revealed the immense potential of gene manipulation for basic science, medicine, and biotechnology. The ...
Molecular Cytogenetics of Complex Chromosomal Rearrangements
R.F. Suijkerbuijk, A. Simons, and A. Geurts van Kessel
Since the end of the last century karyotypicabnormalities have been known to occur in neoplastic cells.1–2 Significant progress in the interpretation of these aberrations was, ...
Cytogenetics of Solid Tumors
Jonathan A. Fletcher
Most of the chromosome translocations discussed in this book were discovered through cytogenetic analyzes. In fact, traditional cytogenetic approaches, in which various stains are used to prod...
