Chapter category: Immunology
Approaches to the Predictive Identification and Assessment of Chemical Contact Allergens
Immune Mechanisms of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Edited by: Andrea CavaniISBN: 1-58706-209-7
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Chapter authors:
David A. Basketter, Grace Y. Patlewicz, Camilla K. Smith Pease, Nicola Gilmour and Ian Kimber
The prospective identification of potential contact allergens and their subsequent safety assessment is the pivotal activity in successful management of this risk to human health. Although much can be learned from the chemical and physical properties of a substance, the definitive information in respect of sensitising hazard/risk derives from an assessment of the integrated response of the immune system. In recent years, the focus for such assessments has begun to switch from the guinea pig to the mouse, notably to the local lymph node assay (LLNA). The utility of the LLNA for hazard identification is now accepted and its regulatory status defined. Once a potential contact allergen has been identified however, the vital clue to accurate safety evaluation is the assessment of the potency of the allergen. This can be achieved using the LLNA and the data employed in safety evaluation of chemicals. In addition, the data can be deployed in a practical manner into new processes in regulatory toxicology. Ultimately, the aim must be to avoid completely the use of animals for identification and assessment of potential skin sensitisers. Although some basic strategies exist for hazard identification, the more profound challenge will be to understand how in vitro endpoints correlate with sensitising potency to the point where the data can be used in risk assessment.
Additional chapters from this book:
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Approaches to the Predictive Identification and Assessment of Chemical Contact Allergens
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The prospective identification of potential contact allergens and their subsequent safety assessment is the pivotal activity in successful management of this risk to human health. Although much can ...
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T Cell Subsets in Allergic Contact Dermatitis
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