Chapter category: Immunology
T Cell Subsets in Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Immune Mechanisms of Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Edited by: Andrea CavaniISBN: 1-58706-209-7
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Chapter authors:
Andrea Cavani, Francesca Nasorri and Giampiero Girolomoni
Allergic contact dermatitis is the result of an exaggerated immune response sustained by CD8+ and CD4+ type 1 T lymphocytes towards small chemicals penetrating through the skin. Expression of the disease depends upon a coordinated series of events, which include leukocyte extravasation and positioning at the site of hapten penetration, activation of hapten-specific T cells, T cell-mediated apoptosis of keratinocytes and release of pro inflammatory cytokines, which modulate the amplification and the persistence of the inflammatory response. Termination of allergic contact dermatitis appears as a necessary event to avoid excessive tissue damage, and is the consequence of both exhaustion of effector T cells and intervention of specialized T cell subsets with regulatory functions. Among these, IL-10 producing T regulatory cells 1 and CD4+CD25+ T lymphocytes have been shown to be actively recruited in the skin after hapten challenge and to regulate the magnitude of the allergic reaction.
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