Chapter category: Cancer Metastasis
Emmprin (CD147), a Tumor Cell Surface Inducer of Matrix Metalloproteinase
Cell Invasion
Edited by: Jyrki Heino and Veli-Matti KähäriISBN: 1-58706-073-6
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Chapter authors:
Bryan P. Toole
Emmprin is a member of the Ig superfamily that plays an essential role in several normal tissues but is particularly enriched on the surface of malignant tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Tumor cell emmprin stimulates production of several matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by fibroblasts and endothelial cells, but it also acts in an autocrine fashion to increase MMP synthesis and invasiveness in tumor cells themselves. In addition, emmprin acts as a docking protein for interstitial collagenase on the surface of tumor cells. Increased expression of emmprin in weakly malignant, human breast cancer cells leads to dramatic augmentation of tumor growth and invasion in vivo.
Several important aspects of tumor progression involve proteolytic modification of the pericellular matrix around tumor cells by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). For example, MMPs have been implicated in invasion through basement membranes and interstitial matrices, angiogenesis, and tumor cell growth. Strong support for the involvement of MMPs in tumor invasion in vivo comes from experiments in which natural or synthetic inhibitors of MMPs were shown to prevent metastasis in experimental animal models.1-3 In this chapter I will discuss the function of emmprin, an important regulator of MMP synthesis, in tumor cell invasion.
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