Chapter category: Gene Expression
MOF, an Acetyl Transferase Involved in Dosage Compensation in Drosophila, Uses a CCHC Finger for Substrate Recognition
Zinc Finger Proteins: From Atomic Contact to Cellular Function
Edited by: Shiro Iuchi and Natalie KuldellISBN: 0-306-48229-0
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Chapter authors:
Asifa Akhtar and Peter B. Becker
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ABBREVIATIONS
Shiro Iuchi
Abbreviations for the book Zinc Finger Proteins: from Atomic Contact to Cellular Function
Role of GATA Factors in Development
Marc Haenlin and Lucas Waltzer
Members of the GATA transcription factor family are found throughout eukaryotes, including plants, fungi, invertebrates and vertebrates. In this review, we discuss some of the roles of GATA factors...
MutM: Single C2C2 Zinc Finger-DNA Interaction
Ryoji Masui, Noriko Nakagawa and Seiki Kuramitsu
The prokaryotic MutM protein is a trifunctional DNA base excision repair enzyme that removes a wide range of oxidatively damaged bases, especially 8-oxoguanine, (Nglycosylase activity) and cleaves ...
Tandem CCCH Zinc Finger Proteins in mRNA Binding
Perry J. Blackshear, Ruth S. Phillips and Wi S. Lai
A small family of mammalian zinc finger proteins containing an unusual putative tandem zinc finger motif was identified approximately 13 years ago. The tandem zinc finger domain was characterized b...
Basonuclin: A Zinc Finger Protein of Epithelial Cells and Reproductive Germ Cells
Howard Green and Hung Tseng
Basonuclin is a C2H2 zinc finger protein first discovered in the keratinocytes of stratified squamous epithelia and in certain keratinocytes of the hair follicles. It was later detected in the repr...
KRAB Zinc Finger Proteins: A Family of Repressors Mediating Heterochromatin- Associated Gene Silencing
Shiro Iuchi
Kruppel-associate box (KRAB) domain, present at the N terminus of mammalian C2H2 zinc finger proteins, binds KAP-1 (also named TIF1beta or KRIP-1) that binds HP1alpha and SETDB1 (H3-K9 methyltransf...
The Role of XPA in DNA Repair
Takahisa Ikegami and Masahiro Shirakawa
XPA, a 273 amino acid protein, is involved in the early stage of the nucleotide excision repair process, by which a variety of DNA lesions are removed from the genome. NMR was used to analyze the s...
A Zinc Ribbon Motif Is Essential for the Formation of Functional Tetrameric Protein Kinase CK2
Odile Filhol, Maria Jose Benitez and Claude Cochet
Protein kinase CK2 plays an essential role in the regulation of many cellular functions. The enzyme is an heterotetrameric complex formed by the association of two catalytic alpha/alpha’ subunits...
ZAS Zinc Finger Proteins: The Other ?B-Binding Protein Family
Carl E. Allen and Lai-Chu Wu
The ZAS gene family includes ZAS1, ZAS2, and ZAS3 in mammals as well as Schnurri in Drosophila melanogaster. The ZAS genes encode large proteins with two separate C2H2 zinc finger pairs that indepe...
Sp1 and Huntington’s Disease
Dimitri Krainc
Sp1, a triple C2H2 zinc finger protein, has been studied for more than 2 decades and biochemical features of the protein have been well documented. However, its biological roles in humans are still...
The DNA-binding Domain of GATA Transcription Factors—A Prototypical Type IV Cys2-Cys2 Zinc Finger
Angela M. Gronenborn
The highly conserved DNA-binding domains (DBDs) of eukaryotic GATA factors comprise one or two zinc binding modules with four cysteines embedded in the sequence Cys-X2-Cys-X17/18-Cys-X2-Cys and an ...
Structure and Function of the CBP/p300 TAZ Domains
Roberto N. De Guzman, Maria A. Martinez-Yamout, H. Jane Dyson, and Peter E. Wright
The TAZ (transcriptional adapter zinc binding) domains in the transcriptional coactivators CBP/p300 are zinc-binding motifs that are primarily involved in protein-protein recognition. The activatio...
MDM2: RING Finger Protein and Regulator of p53
Liqing Wu and Carl G. Maki
MDM2 is an oncogene that is frequently over-expressed in various human cancers, including sarcomas, glio mas, melanomas, and breast cancers.1 The primary function of MDM2 is to inhibit the activity...
LIM Domain and Its Binding to Target Proteins
Algirdas Velyvis and Jun Qin
LIM domain is a unique double-zinc finger motif found in a variety of proteins such as homeodomain transcription factors, kinases, and adaptors. The LIM-containing proteins are involved in diverse ...
Apoptosis by Zinc Deficiency
Kirsteen H. Maclean
Zinc is an essential trace element for all forms of life. Zinc deficiency affects many systems because of the many roles it encompasses, such as in metabolism (including the activity of more than 3...
The Zip Family of Zinc Transporters
David J. Eide
The ZIP family of transporters plays important roles in supplying zinc to metalloproteins. These transporters are found in organisms at all phylogenetic levels including bacteria, fungi, plants, in...
The Role of the Ikaros Gene Family in Lymphocyte Development
Pablo Gomez-del Arco, Taku Naito, John Seavitt, Toshimi Yoshida, Christine Williams and Katia Georgopoulos
In many developmental systems, nuclear regulators have been implicated in coupling key events in gene expression with specific cell fate and lineage decisions. In the hemo-lymphoid system, the Ikar...
Yin Yang 1
Huifei Liu, Yang Shi
The transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) (also known as NF-E1, CP-1 and UCRBP) is a GLI-Kruppel zinc finger protein.1-4YY1 is highly conserved from Xenopus to mammalian YY1 and has been demonstrat...
The Superfamily of SCAN Domain Containing Zinc Finger Transcription Factors
Tucker Collins and Tara L. Sander
The SCAN domain is a highly conserved 84 residue motif that is found near the N-terminus of a subfamily of C2H2 zinc finger proteins. The SCAN domain, which is also known as the leucine rich region...
TFIIIA and p43: Binding to 5S Ribosomal RNA
Paul J. Romaniuk
TFIIIA and p43 are multifunctional zinc finger proteins that share a specific affinity for 5S ribosomal RNA. In this chapter I summarize over 25 years of research that highlights the similarities a...
Synthetic Zinc Finger Transcription Factors
Nicoletta Corbi, Valentina Libri, Claudio Passananti
The possibility of using designed transcription factors to control gene expression is highly appealing in view of a wide range of promising applications in research and biomedicine. In the last dec...
Homing Endonuclease I-TevI: An Atypical Zinc Finger with a Novel Function
Patrick Van Roey, Marlene Belfort and Victoria Derbyshire
I-TevI is a site-specific, sequence-tolerant homing endonuclease encoded by the td intron of bacteriophage T4. The enzyme consists of an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal DNA-binding dom...
MOF, an Acetyl Transferase Involved in Dosage Compensation in Drosophila, Uses a CCHC Finger for Substrate Recognition
Asifa Akhtar and Peter B. Becker
The histone acetyltransferase MOF is central to the process of dosage compensation complex in Drosophila, which assures that the transcriptional activity of large parts of the male X chromosome is ...
RING Finger-B Box-Coiled Coil (RBCC) Proteins As Ubiquitin Ligase in the Control of Protein Degradation and Gene Regulation
Kazuhiro Ikeda, Satoshi Inoue and Masami Muramatsu
The protein family harboring the RING finger motif, defined as a linear array of conserved cysteines and histidines, has grown enormously in the last decade. The members of the family are involved ...
Ribosomal Zinc Finger Proteins: The Structure and the Function of Yeast YL37a
John Dresios, Yuen-Ling Chan and Ira G. Wool
Zinc finger motifs are common in ribosomal proteins: they are widely distributed in nature, having been found amongst the proteins of both subunits of the ribosomes of all species examined in the t...
The Discovery of Zinc Fingers and Their Practical Applications in Gene Regulation: A Personal Account
Aaron Klug
An account is given of the discovery of the classical Cys2His2 (C2H2) zinc finger, arising from biochemical studies on the protein transcription factor IIIA found in Xenopus ooctyes, and of subsequ...
GAGA: Structural Basis for Single Cys2His2 Zinc Finger-DNA Interaction
G. Marius Clore and James G. Omichinski
The structural basis of sequence specific binding of the Cys2His2 single zinc finger DNA binding domain of the transcription factor GAGA is explored on the basis of the three-dimensional structure ...
The Androgen Receptor and Spinal and Bulbar Muscular Atrophy
F. Piccioni, C.J. Sumner and K.H. Fischbeck
The androgen receptor belongs to the superfamily of nuclear receptors, which are ligand-dependent transcription factors. In the absence of the androgen, the receptor is localized to the cytoplasm w...
Zinc Finger Interactions with Metals and Other Small Molecules
Jay S. Hanas, Jason L. Larabee and James R. Hocker
Zinc fingers encompass a wide variety of compact protein domains that are stabilized by a structural zinc ion which minimally interacts with a cysteine-rich coordination sphere. The selectivity for...
The FYVE Finger: A Phosphoinositide Binding Domain
Harald Stenmark
The FYVE finger is an evolutionarily conserved double-zinc binding domain with structural similarity to RING and PHD fingers. It consists of two ?-hairpins that are stabilized by a C-terminal ?-hel...
The Multiple Cellular Functions of TFIIIA
Natalie Kuldell
Transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) is a single polypeptide with several distinct functions in the cell. In this chapter I will review the role of TFIIIA in transcription initiation of the 5S rRNA g...
TFIIIA: A Sophisticated Zinc Finger Protein
Raymond S. Brown and Jane Flint
Transcription factor IIIA (TFIIIA) is widely regarded as the archetypal zinc finger protein. It is a member of a very large multigene family of eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. More than two decade...
C2H2 Zinc Fingers as DNA Binding Domains
Shiro Iuchi
A great number of C2H2 zinc finger proteins selectively bind to specific DNA sequences and play a critical role in controlling transcription of genes. The specific binding is ...
Wig-1, A p53-Induced Zinc Finger Protein that Binds Double Stranded RNA
Cristina Mendez-Vidal, Fredrik Hellborg, Margareta T. Wilhelm, Magdalena Tarkowska and Klas G. Wiman
The wig-1 gene (for Wild type p53-Induced Gene 1) is a direct transcriptional target of wild type p53. Wig-1 is a highly conserved unusual nuclear zinc finger protein that binds double stran...
The Role of WT1 in Development and Disease
Sean Bong Lee, Hongjie Li and Ho-Shik Kim
Wilms tumor suppressor gene product WT1 is a Cys2His2 (C2H2 ) zinc finger protein, one of the largest protein families in higher eukaryotes. Since the cloni...
The BTB Domain Zinc Finger Proteins
Gilbert G Privé, Ari Melnick, K Farid Ahmad and Jonathan D. Licht
The BTB/ zinc finger proteins have a wide range of functions in development and homeostasis and a wide range of interactions. The BTB domain appears essential for these proteins to dimerize, facili...
