Chapter category: Tissue Engineering

Mechanobiology of Bone

This chapter appears in the following book:

Engineered Bone

Edited by: Hervé Petite and Rodolfo Quarto
ISBN: 1-58706-157-0
» Get more information about this book at landesbioscience.com «

Chapter authors:
Elisabeth H. Burger, Jenneke Klein-Nulend and Margriet Mullender

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Mechanical force is an important regulator of bone formation and resorption. Bone tissue remains adapted to the magnitude and direction of its daily loadings through out life, as a result of continuous adaptive remodeling. In culture, bone cells demonstrate a high responsiveness to mechanical strain, both resulting from fluid shear stress and from cell stretching, but the type of response seems to differ: fluid shear stress causes the rapid production of nitric oxide and prostaglandins, while cell stretching leads to cell alignment and cell proliferation. Fluid shear stress occurs in the osteocyte canaliculi during dynamic loading of intact bone, while cell stretching occurs a.o. in osteogenic soft tissue during distraction osteogenesis. Here we discuss the concept that the response to fluid shear stress in vitro reflects mechanotransduction by osteocytes in intact remodeling bone. The response to cell stretching however may reflect the osteogenic response to stretching of soft tissue as occurs in distraction osteogenesis. In Tissue Engineering, both stimuli offer possibilities for enhancing bone cell growth in vitro.

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Chapter category: Tissue Engineering

Mechanobiology of Bone

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