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Identification of the Gene Involved in 4q25-Linked Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome PITX2

This chapter appears in the following book:

The Molecular Mechanism's of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome

Edited by: Brad A. Amendt
ISBN: 0-387-26222-9
» Get more information about this book at landesbioscience.com «

Chapter authors:
Elena V. Semina


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Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. ARS is consid ered to be fully penetrant, but variable expressivity was reported in families. The three cardinal features of ARS include specific ocular anomalies of the anterior segment, dental anomalies and redundant periumbilical skin. A variety of other abnormalities have been reported in ARS patients such as pituitary, hearing, heart and limb defects that may represent coincidental findings in some cases and be associated with specific mutations in others. Identification of genes and chromosomal regions associated with ARS demonstrated extreme genetic heterogeneity of this condition and allowed genotype-phenotype correlation studies. In this chapter, we describe identification of a gene, PITX2, which to-date represents a major gene for Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome accounting for approximately 40% of mutations in classic ARS patients. The PITX2 gene was discovered by positional cloning approach and is located at 4q25 in humans. The PITX2 gene appears to play an important role in development of many different systems and its involvement in human disorders needs to be further elucidated.

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Additional chapters from this book:

Role of PITX2 in the Pituitary Gland

Hoonkyo Suh, Donna M. Martin, Michael A. Charles, Igor O. Nasonkin, Philip J. Gage and Sally A. Camper

The pituitary gland is a neuroendocrine organ composed of specialized peptide hormone-producing cells that control many bodily functions. Pituitary development depends on the combined activity of ex...

An Overview of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome and the Anterior Segment Developmental Disorders

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The preceding chapters have described the current research on the genetic, molecular and biochemical basis for Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS). They also provided infor mation on anterior segment dis...

The Role of PITX2 in Tooth Development

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The transcriptional mechanisms underlying tooth development are only beginning to be understood. Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) patients provided the first link of PITX2 to tooth development. ARS pa...

The Molecular and Biochemical Basis of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome

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Mutations in the PITX2 homeobox gene are associated with Axenfeld-Rieger syn drome (ARS) and provided the first link of this transcription factor to tooth, eye, heart, and pituitary development. We ...

Rieger Syndrome and PAX6 Deletion

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Rieger syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder mainly characterized by congenital anomalies of the anterior segment of the eye, the teeth and the skin around umbilicus.1 The anomaly...

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The Multiple Roles of Pitx2 in Heart Development

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PITX Genes and Ocular Development

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Winged Helix/Forkhead Transcription Factors and Rieger Syndrome

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A second locus for Rieger syndrome (RS) was identified from chromosomal abnormali ties involving chromosome 6p25. Study of the breakpoint revealed mutations in the forkhead transcription factor (FOX...

Identification of the Gene Involved in 4q25-Linked Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome PITX2

Elena V. Semina

Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder. ARS is consid ered to be fully penetrant, but variable expressivity was reported in families. The three cardinal features of ARS...


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