Chapter category: Oncology
PDGF Pathways and Growth of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
The Nucleolus
Edited by: Mark O.J. OlsonISBN: 0-306-47873-0
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Chapter authors:
Jingwu Xie
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Additional chapters from this book:
The Epidemiology of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Hao Wang and Thomas L. Diepgen
Basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma (nonmelanoma skin cancer = NMSC) are now the most common type of cancer in the Caucasian population, and the incidence of skin cancer has reached epidemi...
Apoptosis and Cancerogenesis of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Peter Erb, Jingmin Ji, Marion Wernli and Stanislaw A. Büchner
Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most frequent tumors in the Caucasian population. The formation of these tumors is a consequence of ong term UV-exposure of th...
The Hedgehog Signaling Pathway and Epithelial Skin Cancer
Julia Reifenberger*
The hedgehog signaling pathway plays an important role in the embryonic development of various organ systems including the skin. Aberrant activation of hedgehog signaling by mutations in genes encod...
Papillomavirus Infections and Cancerogenesis of Squamous Cell and Basal Cell Carcinomas
Guido Bens
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a large group of infectious agents that induce various lesions of skin and mucosae. The carcinogenic role of HPV types 16 and 18, mediated by inactivation of the tu...
The Role of Telomerase for Cancerogenesis of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Eva-Maria Fabricius
Beside UV exposure and other exogenous and endogenous factors, the activation of telomerase plays an important role in the cancerogenesis of both skin tumors. Model studies indicate that telomerase ...
PDGF Pathways and Growth of Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Jingwu Xie
Ever since the discovery of the transforming retroviral v-sis oncogene, which encodes PDGF-B, PDGF signaling has been an interesting target for cancer treatment. In last few years, compelling eviden...
P53 Protein and Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Vladislava O. Melnikova and Honnavara N. Ananthaswamy
Skin cancer is the most common type of human cancer today, and its incidence has been increasing with an astonishing rate. It is estimated that about 70% of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) are induc...
Cytogenetics of Basal Cell Carcinoma and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Melanie A. Carless, Kevin J. Ashton and Lyn R. Griffiths
Cytogenetic analysis is a powerful tool that allows analysis of chromosomal aberrations associated with diseased states. In particular, a combination of cytogenetic techniques has allowed the identi...
Histology of Epithelial Skin Tumors
J. Reichrath, K. Querings
Although this topic is still a matter of debate, actinic keratoses can now be considered to represent early squamous cell carcinomas in situ.1,10,24,41 However, it appears that only a small proporti...
UV Damage and DNA Repair in Basal Cell and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
K. Rass
Exposition of the skin with ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the main cause of skin cancer development. The consistently increasing incidences of melanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin tumors is associate...
The Immune System and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers
Elma D. Baron
The high incidence of basal and squamous cell carcinomas is a public health concern especially in light-skinned populations. These nonmelanoma skin cancers are multifac torial in etiology. Evidence ...
The snoRNPs and Related Machines: Ancient Devices That Mediate Maturation of rRNA and Other RNAs
Edouard Bertrand and Maurille J. Fournier
It has been known for several years that eukaryotic cells contain large populations of small nucleolar RNA-protein complexes, called snoRNPs, and that these complexes mediate the formation of modifi...
Nontraditional Roles of the Nucleolus
Mark O.J. Olson
In addition to its well-established role in ribosomal subunit assembly, unexpected new functions of the nucleolus have been discovered in recent years. These include interaction with viral component...
Behavior of the Nucleolus during Mitosis
Danièle Hernandez-Verdun
The nucleolus is the ribosome factory and also a multifunctional domain that plays an important role in nuclear organization and function. The nucleolus is assembled at the end of mitosis, is active...
Ribosomal Subunit Assembly
Jesús de la Cruz, Dieter Kressler and Patrick Linder
The biogenesis of eukaryotic ribosomes is a very dynamic process, which requires a pre- cise spatial and temporal coordination of processing, modification and assembly events that take place with...
Proteomics of the Nucleolus
Yun Wah Lam, Archa H. Fox, Anthony K.L. Leung, Jens S. Andersen, Matthias Mann and Angus I. Lamond
The nucleolus is the most prominent organelle in the mammalian nucleus. It is assembled around rDNA genes and is the site of rDNA transcription and ribosome subunit as- sembly. However, the prese...
Pre-Ribosomal RNA Processing in Multicellular Organisms
Susan A. Gerbi and Anton V. Borovjagin
Concurrent with transcription, the ribosomal RNA precursor (pre-rRNA) is modified and associates with many of the ribosomal proteins. The modifications are guided by small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA...
Three-Dimensional Organization of rDNA and Transcription
Dominique Ploton, Marie-Françoise O’Donohue, Thierry Cheutin, Adrien Beorchia, Hervé Kaplan and Marc Thiry
In the nucleolus, relating ultrastructural features observed by electron microscopy to bio- chemical events of biogenesis and step-wise maturation of pre-rRNAs has led for many years to contradicto...
Nucleolar Ultrastructure in Vertebrates
Wilhelm Mosgoeller
In this chapter I would like to summarize some structural research on the “nucleus of the nucleus”,—the nucleolus. It is important to note that structure analysis goes beyond the descripti...
The Nucleolar Ultrastructure in Yeast
Isabelle Léger-Silvestre and Nicole Gas
The nucleolus is a highly dynamic compartment of the nucleus whose size, number and structure vary according to cell type and metabolic state. Despite this versatility, its morphological compart...
Dynamics of Nucleolar Components
Thierry Cheutin, Tom Misteli and Miroslav Dundr
The nucleolus is one of the best-characterized cellular organelles. Its large physical size facilitated its early discovery and led to its detailed morphological description.1-3 The essential ro...
Pre-Ribosomal RNA Processing and Assembly in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: The Machine that Makes the Machine
Hendrik A. Raué
The past decade has seen substantial progress in our understanding of eukaryotic ribo- some biogenesis. Much of this progress has come from studies in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ...
Trafficking of Spliceosomal Small Nuclear RNAs Through the Nucleolus
Thilo Sascha Lange
Various prominent small RNA species traffic through nucleoli during their maturation process en route to their final cellular destination. These include tRNAs, RNAse P RNA, MRP RNA, SRP RNA, tel...
The Structure of rDNA Chromatin
José M. Sogo and Fritz Thoma
This chapter is focused on rDNA of yeast S. cerevisiae. The aim is to elucidate our current understanding of chromatin structure and its implications in transcription, replication, recombination and r...
Introduction
Mark O.J. Olson
The nucleolus is the most prominent structure in the nucleus of a cell observed by light or electron microscopy. In cells as in other aspects of life, the level of visibility usually depends on the im...
Transcription of rDNA in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Masayasu Nomura, Yasuhisa Nogi and Melanie Oakes
The discovery of rDNA as a nucleolar organizer in metazoan systems, such as Xenopus laevis1,2 and Drosophila melanogaster3 initiated studies of rRNA synthesis, its process ing and ribosome assemb...
Nuclear Export of Ribosomal Subunits
Arlen W. Johnson
Ribosomal subunit assembly is a complex process (see Chapters 11-14) that depends on transcription of rRNA in the nucleus and translation of r-proteins in the cytoplasm to provide the constituen...
Structure and Organization of Vertebrate Ribosomal DNA
James E. Sylvester, Iris L. Gonzalez, and Edward B. Mougey
Genes within rDNA clusters from vertebrates are tandemly repeated in a head to tail fashion and exist at multiple chromosomal locations. Each gene is comprised of a coding region for 18S, 5.8S, ...
