Chapter category: Surgery
Intra Abdominal Hypertension and the Liver
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Edited by: Rao Ivatury, Michael Cheatham, Manu Malbrain and Michael SugrueISBN: 1-58706-196-1
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Chapter authors:
Julia Wendon, Gianni Bianofiore and Georg Auzinger
There is increasing awareness of the deleterious consequences of intra abdominal hyper tension (IAH) and the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) on end organ func tion in critically ill patients. The pathophysiological implications of IAH and ACS in regard to functional impairment of the renal, cardiovascular and respiratory system, as well as the brain and intestine, are well reported, however our knowledge regarding hepatic complications is limited. This is surprising given that the incidence of significant elevations in intra abdominal pressure (IAP) in patients with end stage liver disease,1 acute liver failure, hepatic trauma2 and following liver transplantation3 is high.
Additional chapters from this book:
Intra-Abdominal Pressure Measurement Techniques
Manu L. N. G. Malbrain* and Felicity Jones
The diagnosis of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) or abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is heavily dependant on the reproducibility of the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) measurement technique. T...
Miscellaneous Conditions and ACS
Ari Leppaniemi, Andrew Kirkpatrick, Anastazia Salazar, Davis Elliot, Savvas Nicolaou and Martin Bjorck
Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome are increasingly recognized in non-traumatic conditions in the critically ill patient. This chapter deals with three of those situ...
Central Nervous System
Giuseppe Citerio and Lorenzo Berra
In animal studies, increases in intraabdominal pressure (IAP) raise central venous pressure (CVP) and pleural pressure (PP) and, eventually, result in elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) and de...
Prevalence and Incidence of IAH
Dries H. Deeren and Manu L.N.G. Malbrain
Prevalence and prevalence rate are respectively the number and the proportion of persons in a given population (an ICU for example) who have a particular disease (for example IAH) at a specified poi...
Cardiovascular Implications of Elevated Intra-Abdominal Pressure
Michael Cheatham and Manu Malbrain
Cardiovascular dysfunction and failure are commonly encountered in the patient with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) or abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Accurate assessment and optimization o...
Postinjury Secondary Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Zsolt Balogh and Frederick A. Moore
Post-injury ACS is defined by the presence of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) with intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) greater than 25 mmHg accompanied by organ dysfunction(s) such as cardiac, respira...
Anesthetic Considerations in Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Ingrid R.A.M. Mertens zur Borg, Serge J.C. Verbrugge and Karel A. Kolkman
The primary pathogenesis of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) involves an increase in intra-abdominal abdominal pressure (IAP) ranging from 12 mmHg to over 25 mmHg in the abdominal compartment synd...
Intra Abdominal Hypertension and the Liver
Julia Wendon, Gianni Bianofiore and Georg Auzinger
There is increasing awareness of the deleterious consequences of intra abdominal hyper tension (IAH) and the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) on end organ func tion in critically ill patients. T...
Secondary Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in Burns
Michael E. Ivy
P of developing intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH). Patients large, greater than 70% TBSA, are at risk of developing abdominal syndrome (ACS), particularly if they have a concurrent inhalation injur...
Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and the Splanchnic Bed
Rao Ivatury and Lawrence Diebel
Intra-abdominal hypertension has profound effects on splanchnic organs, causing diminished perfusion, mucosal acidosis and setting the stage for multiple organ failure. If uncorrected, IAH will resu...
Abdominal Perfusion Pressure
Michael Cheatham, Manu Malbrain
Although initially recognized almost 150 years ago, the pathophysiologic implications of elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) have essentially been rediscovered only within the past decade.1-15 E...
Morbid Obesity and Chronic Intra Abdominal Hypertension
Giselle Hamad and Andrew Peitzman
Morbid obesity has achieved epidemic proportions in the United States. A vast num ber of comorbid conditions are associated with morbid obesity, including metabolic syndrome, which consists of centr...
Management of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Zsolt Balogh, Frederick A. Moore, Claudia E. Goettler, Michael F. Rotondo, C. William Schwab and M. Kaplan
With the evolution of “damage control” laparotomy and “goal directed” ICU resusci tation as standards of care for trauma patients arriving with life threatening hemor rhage, abdominal compartment sy...
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome Provokes Multiple Organ Failure: Animal and Human Supporting Evidence
Christopher D. Raeburn and E.E. Moore
Damage control surgery has undoubtedly increased the survival of severely injured patients; however, a subset of these salvaged patients go on to develop the devastating complication of the abdomina...
Definitions
David J.J. Muckart, Rao Ivatury, Ari Lepp?niemi and R. Stephen Smith
Within any human body compartment a rise in pressure above physiological limits is detrimental. At pressures which still permit axial vessel flow, capillary perfusion may cease to exist resulting in...
Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Renal Impairment
Michael Sugrue, Ali Hallal and Scott D’Amours
Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) has been associated with renal impairment for over 150 years. It is only recently however that a clinically recognised relationship has been found. An increasing n...
Medical Management of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Michael Parr and Claudia Olvera
The medical management of intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) has been described as of limited efficacy making expedient surgical decompression the treatment of choice for abdominal compartment syndr...
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in the Pediatric Patient
M. Ann Kuhn* and David W. Tuggle
For all practical purposes, the original clinical model for the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) involved the repair of congenital abdominal wall defects such as omphalocele (Fig. 1) and gastros...
