Chapter category: Reproductive Biology

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD): Screening for Aneuploidy in Human Oocytes and Polar Bodies

This chapter appears in the following book:

Cytogenetics in Reproductive Medicine

Edited by: Dagan Wells
ISBN: 1-58706-205-4
» Get more information about this book at landesbioscience.com «

Chapter authors:
J. Navarro,* C. Gutierrez-Mateo, A. Pujol, M. Durban, J.F. Sanchez-Garcia, J. Egozcue and J. Benet

[+] view image

Since it has been reported that in humans 90% of embryos are aneuploid as a result of malsegregation mechanisms in maternal meiosis I,1 the detection of abnormal oocytes in IVF treatments has become of considerable importance. Taking into account the results obtained from the study of recognized pregnancies,2 and gametes,3,4 the conclusion is that the segregation of chromosomes during meiosis is extremely abnormal in humans, and especially during the first meiotic division of the oocytes. This is in agreement with the fact that the first female meiotic division starts during the prenatal stages (at about 11th week of pregnancy) and is not completed until time of ovulation during the fertile life of the woman, between, approximately, 11 and 40 years later2 (Fig. 1). Advances in the procedures of assisted human reproduction have facilitated the development of methods of diagnosis which are more precocious than prenatal diagnosis, and corresponds to what is known as Preimplantational Genetic Diagnosis (PGD).5 This has given rise to an availability of biological material (gametes and human embryos), that has provided information for a better estimation of the frequency of aneuploidy in the first stages of embryo development.

» Access chapter for $19

Additional chapters from this book:

Cytogenetics of Human Preimplantation Embryos

J.D.A. Delhanty* and D. Wells

Chromosomal abnormalities are common at all stages of human development and are the main cause of lethality between conception and birth. In natural conceptions the fecundity rate is about 25% w...

Uterine Leiomyomata: Aspects in Reproduction, Susceptibility, and Tumor Cytogenetics

Jennelle C. Hodge and Cynthia C. Morton

Uterine leiomyomata (UL), commonly referred to as fibroids, are the most frequent neoplasm of the female genital tract with such high morbidity as to account annually for one-third of hysterecto...

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD): Screening for Aneuploidy in Human Oocytes and Polar Bodies

J. Navarro,* C. Gutierrez-Mateo, A. Pujol, M. Durban, J.F. Sanchez-Garcia, J. Egozcue and J. Benet

Cytogenetics of Human Sperm

Renee H. Martin

Constitutional chromosome abnormalities are seen frequently in infertile men. The consequences of these abnormalities in sperm are outlined. Infertile men with a normal chromosome karyotype also hav...

Rapid Prenatal Diagnosis of Common Chromosome Aneuploidies by Quantitative Fluorescent PCR

Vincenzo Cirigliano and Matteo Adinolfi

Prenatal diagnoses of chromosome abnormalities are performed by cytogenetic analyses of metaphase chromosomes obtained from fetal cells after several days of in vitro culture. The main disadvan...

Chromosome Abnormalities in Human Oocytes: Their Role in Reproductive Failure

Michelle Plachot

Chromosome number abnormalities are remarkably common in human reproduction, as a consequence of both whole chromosome nondisjunction and premature chromatid separation during oocyte meiosis I. ...

Prenatal Detection of Chromosome Abnormalities

Brynn Levy and Nataline Kardon

Chromosome abnormalities have been diagnosed from prenatal specimens for almost 40 years. In the United States, the current standard of care in obstetrical practice is to offer either chorionic ...

Chromosome Abnormalities in Spontaneous Abortions

Brynn Levy, Kurt Hirschhorn and Nataline Kardon

Most chromosome abnormalities lead to fetal loss, with the majority of losses occurring very early in gestation. The greater the size of the chromosomal aberration (imbalance), the earlier the f...

Chapter category: Reproductive Biology

Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD): Screening for Aneuploidy in Human Oocytes and Polar Bodies

Additional chapters from this book:

SIGN IN