Chapter category: Autoimmunity
Involvement of Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Immune Mechanisms in Inflammatory
Bowel Disease
Edited by: Richard S. Blumberg and Markus F. NeurathISBN: 0-387-30831-8
» Get more information about this book at landesbioscience.com «
Chapter authors:
Francisco Leon, Lesley E. Smythies, Phillip D. Smith and Brian L. Kelsall
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with unique properties that allow them to efficiently process antigens and activate naïve T cells. Mucosal DCs have a particular capacity to induce regulatory T cell differentiation in the steady state, but they are also potent inducers of effector T cell responses, indeed constituting the main APC in the gut. In addition, mucosal DCs may contribute to innate defense by the production of cytokines following direct exposure to pathogens. DCs may also play a role in the maintenance of secondary T cell responses within inflamed mucosa, such as in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In contrast, resident intestinal macrophages do not appear to act as APC, or produce inflammatory cytokines, but are specialized in mucosal defense against pathogens by their ability to scavenge, phagocytose, and kill microorganisms. However, during active mucosal inflammation like IBD, fully inflammatory monocytes are recruited from the blood, which can contribute to tissue injury and damage. The present chapter will focus on the role of mucosal APC, mainly dendritic cells in the pathogenesis of IBD. A summary of current concepts of DC biology will be followed by a review of the growing knowledge regarding DC and macrophages in IBD.
Additional chapters from this book:
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Antibiotic and probiotic agents have increasingly moved in the focus of basic and clinical research as well as clinical trials for IBD therapy. Both approaches modulate the intestinal flora, the forme...
From Immunogenic Mechanisms to Novel Therapeutic Approaches in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are the two most common forms of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The etiology of IBD is still unclear and should be considered as multi-facto...
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The integrity of the intestinal mucosa depends on a functional coordination of the epithelium, lumenal microorganisms, and the local immune system. The mammalian immune system is superbly organized fo...
Role of Mast Cells and Eosinophils in Neuroimmune Interactions Regulating Mucosal Inflammatory in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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The nervous and the immune systems are the body’s “supersystems” permanently sensing, processing and responding to changes of the external and internal micro- and macro-environment. Together, both sys...
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Per Brandtzaeg, Hege S. Carlsen and Trond S. Halstensen
Secretory immunity is the best-defined part of the mucosal immune system. This adaptive humoral defense mechanism depends on a fine-tuned cooperation between secretory epithelia and local plasma c...
Alterations of T Lymphocytes in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Charles O. Elson, Yingzi Cong and Casey T. Weaver
The intestine contains an abundance of cells of the innate and acquired immune system, and among these T cells represent a major component. Intestinal T cells are distributed among the various com...
Structure and Function of the Gut Mucosal Immune System
Reinhard Pabst and Hermann J. Rothkötter
For many decades immune reactions have been classified as humoral and cellular, innate and acquired, and the essential cells for protective and tolerogenic reactions were at first subdivided into ...
Overview of Role of the Immune System in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Thomas T. MacDonald and Giovanni Monteleone
Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are caused by the over-activity of the immune system. Current and novel therapies are designed to dampen these over-active responses. Analysis of the...
Functional Aspects of the Mucosal Immune System
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The mucosal immune system is faced with a daunting challenge. It must quickly and efficiently protect the epithelial barrier from invasion by microbes while avoiding a response to antigenic stimuli fr...
Alterations of Mesenchymal and Endothelial Cells in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
Claudio Fiocchi, Kenji Ina, Silvio Danese, Andre’ Z.A. Leite and Jon D. Vogel
The pathogenesis of complex chronic diseases like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can no longer be viewed as a one-way street in which classical immune cells have exclusive control over the initiatio...
The Role of the Epithelial Barrier in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Edward E.S. Nieuwenhuis and Richard S. Blumberg
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) represent a heterogeneous group of diseases with two distinct disorders of unknown etiology, Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Both diseases are cha...
Experimental Models of Mucosal Inflammation
Warren Strober and Ivan J. Fuss
While studies of models of mucosal inflammation has been a mainstay of IBD research for the past half century, it is only in the last 10-15 years that this kind of study has taken its place as primus ...
Involvement of Dendritic Cells in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Francisco Leon, Lesley E. Smythies, Phillip D. Smith and Brian L. Kelsall
Dendritic cells (DC) are antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with unique properties that allow them to efficiently process antigens and activate naïve T cells. Mucosal DCs have a particular capacity to in...
