Chapter category: Viruses
Genotype of Hepatitis Delta Virus
Hepatitis Delta Virus
Edited by: Hiroshi Handa and Yuki YamaguchiISBN: 0-387-32230-2
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Chapter authors:
Nobuyuki Enomoto,* Hideki Watanabe, Kazuyoshi Nagayama, Tsuyoshi Yamashiro and Mamoru Watanabe
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen for virion assembly and infection,1 and contains a negative single stranded circular RNA genome of 1.7 kilobases.2,3 HDV is classified into three genotypes (genotype I, II and III) based on genetic sequence analysis (Fig. 1).4 Genotype II shows approximately 75% homology to genotype I, and genotype III shares about 60 to 65% homology with genotype I and II. There are many variants within each genotype. Especially, HDV genotype II is further divided into two types (i.e., IIa and IIb), with 77% nucleotide homology between the complete sequences of genotype IIa and IIb.5 The nucleotide homologies between genotype IIb and IIb-M, the newly identified IIb variant, was 88-90%.6 Similarly, IIa variant was recently found in Siberia (IIa-Yakutia), which in comparison with IIa showed a similar degree of genetic differences.7 These genotypes shows different geographical distributions and clinical pictures, which is thought to be caused by functional differences of genotype-specific sequences of HDV-RNA as well as HDAg protein.
Additional chapters from this book:
Genotype of Hepatitis Delta Virus
Nobuyuki Enomoto,* Hideki Watanabe, Kazuyoshi Nagayama, Tsuyoshi Yamashiro and Mamoru Watanabe
Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a defective virus that requires hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen for virion assembly and infection,1 and contains a negative single stranded circular RNA genome o...
Hepatitis Delta Antigen: Biochemical Properties and Functional Roles in HDV Replication
Michael M.C. Lai
Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) was first detected in the nucleus of the hepatocytes of some patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV).68 The presence of HDAg was frequently associated with seve...
Hepatitis Delta Antigen and RNA Polymerase II
Yuki Yamaguchi and Hiroshi Handa
Replication and transcription of HDV proceed via RNA-dependent RNA synthesis. These reactions are thought to be catalyzed at least in part by host RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Hepatitis delta antigen...
Diagnosis of Hepatitis D Virus Infection
Jaw-Ching Wu
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) is a small defective virus with a single stranded circular RNA of 1.7 kb in size.1-3 Its hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) envelope is provided by the helper hepatitis B vi...
Hepatitis Delta Antigen and RNA Polymerase II
Yuki Yamaguchi and Hiroshi Handa
Replication and transcription of HDV proceed via RNA-dependent RNA synthesis. These reactions are thought to be catalyzed at least in part by host RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). Hepatitis delta antigen...
Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA Editing
John L. Casey
The genome of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the smallest known to infect man. Encoding just one protein, hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg), HDV relies heavily on host functions and on structural featu...
Structure and Replication of Hepatitis Delta Virus RNA
John M. Taylor
This review focuses on the RNAs of HDV, with emphasis on RNA structure, RNA transcription, and post-transcriptional RNA processing. Included is an evaluation of two current models of HDV RNA replica...
Hepatitis Delta Virus HDV-HBV Interactions
Camille Sureau
The hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is a subviral agent that utilizes the envelope proteins of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) for cell to cell propagation. In infected human hepatocytes, the HDV RNA genome...
