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Chapter category: Infectious Disease

Microneme Proteins in Apicomplexans

This chapter appears in the following book:

Molecular Mechanisms
of Parasite Invasion

Edited by: Barbara Burleigh and Dominique Soldati-Favre
ISBN: 978-0-387-78266-9
» Get more information about this book at landesbioscience.com «

Chapter authors:
Vern B. Carruthers and Fiona M. Tomley


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The invasive stages (zoites) of most apicomplexan parasites are polarised cells that use their actinomyosin-powered gliding motility or “glideosome” system to move over surfaces, migrate through biological barriers and invade and leave host cells. Central to these processes is the timely engagement and disengagement of specific receptors upon the regulated release of apical invasion proteins from parasite secretory organelles (micronemes, rhoptries). In this short review, we summarise recent progress on identification and functional characterisation of apical invasion proteins mobilised to the parasite surface from the microneme organelles. We have restricted our focus to Toxoplasma, Eimeria, Cryptosporidium and the nonerythrocytic stages of Plasmodium because these organisms have been the most intensively studied apicomplexans that invade nucleated cells and because invasion by erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium is covered in the next chapter.

Vern B. Carruthers
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan School of Medicine

Fiona M. Tomley
Division of Microbiology, Institute for Animal Health

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