Chapter category: Oncology
Molecular Biology of Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Sunlight, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer
Edited by: Jörg ReichrathISBN: 978-0-387-77573-9
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Chapter authors:
Jingwu Xie
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Jingwu Xie
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Sealy Center for Cancer Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch
Additional chapters from this book:
Ultraviolet Radiation and Malignant Melanoma
Johan Moan, Alina Carmen Porojnicu and Arne Dahlback
Essential features of the epidemiology and photobiology of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Norway were studied in comparison with data from countries at lower latitudes. Arguments for and agains...
Sun Exposure and Cancer Survival in Norway: Changes in the Risk of Death with Season of Diagnosis and Latitude
Alina Carmen Porojnicu, Arne Dahlback and Johan Moan
Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that derivatives of vitamin D may improve prognosis of a number of cancer types. Sun is our most important source of vitamin D. Seasonal variations and...
Cytogenetics of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Melanie A. Carless and Lyn R. Griffiths
Cytogenetic analysis of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers has revealed recurrent aberrations, the frequency of which is reflective of malignant potential. Highly aberrant karyotypes are seen in me...
Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance and Cancer Incidence and Mortality
William B. Grant
Rates for many cancers are generally higher with increased distance from the equator. The first paper positing a link between sunlight and reduced risk of cancer was published in 1937. Persons in the ...
Apoptosis and Pathogenesis of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Peter Erb, Jingmin Ji, Erwin Kump, Ainhoa Mielgo and Marion Wernli
Skin cancers, i.e., basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and melanoma, belong to the most frequent tumors. Their formation is based on constitutional and/or inherited factors usua...
Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers and the Immune System
Diana Santo Domingo and Elma D. Baron
A connection between tumorigenesis and the immune system has been known to exist since the late 1960s. Two pioneers in this concept were Lewis Thomas and F. Macfarlane Burnett. In 1967 Burnett introdu...
Vitamin D Status and Cancer Incidence and Mortality
Edward Giovannucci
The role of excessive sun exposure in increasing risk of skin cancers is well established. Less known, less established and more controversial is the potential role of sun exposure in reducing risk of...
Molecular Biology of Malignant Melanoma
Mar Pons, Pablo Mancheño-Corvo, Pilar Martín-Duque and Miguel Quintanilla
The incidence of melanoma has increased more rapidly than any other type of cancer. In this review, we summarize the most important genetic alterations that contribute to the development of malignant ...
p53 Protein and Pathogenesis of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Cara L. Benjamin, Vladislava O. Melnikova and Honnavara N. Ananthaswamy
The p53 tumor suppressor gene and gene product are among the most diverse and complex molecules involved in cellular functions. Genetic alterations within the p53 gene have been shown to have a direct...
Ultraviolet Exposure Scenarios: Risks of Erythema from Recommendations on Cutaneous Vitamin D Synthesis
Ann R. Webb and Ola Engelsen
Exposure to sunlight is a major source of vitamin D for most people yet public health advice focuses overwhelmingly on avoiding exposure of unprotected skin because of the risks of erythema and skin c...
Role of Viruses in the Development of Squamous Cell Cancer and Melanoma
Ulrich R. Hengge
In this chapter, the evidence for the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the pathogenesis of squamous cell cancer of the skin will be reviewed. Considerable dispute exists questioning the etiologi...
Sunscreens
Guido Bens
Naturally occurring ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from the sun has been divided into two broad band regions: low‑energy UVA (with wavelengths of 320 to 400 nm) and high‑energy UVB (280‑...
Health Initiatives for the Prevention of Skin Cancer
Rüdiger Greinert, Eckhard W. Breitbart, Peter Mohr and Beate Volkmer
Skin cancer represents the most common type of cancer in the white population worldwide and the incidence has dramatically increased during the last decades. UV radiation is the most important risk fa...
Optimal Serum 25‑Hydroxyvitamin D Levels for Multiple Health Outcomes
Heike A. Bischoff-Ferrari
Recent evidence suggests that higher vitamin D intakes beyond current recommendations may be associated with better health outcomes. In this chapter, evidence is summarized from different studies that...
Sunlight, UV-Radiation, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer: How Much Sunlight Do We Need?
Michael F. Holick
Vitamin D is the sunshine vitamin for good reason. During exposure to sunlight, the ultraviolet B photons enter the skin and photolyze 7‑dehydrocholesterol to previtamin D3 which in turn is isom...
Solar UV Exposure and Mortality from Skin Tumors
Marianne Berwick, Anne Lachiewicz, Claire Pestak and Nancy Thomas
Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is clearly associated with increased mortality from nonmelanoma skin cancer—usually squamous cell carcinoma. However, the association with cutaneous melanoma...
Molecular Biology of Basal and Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Jingwu Xie
Basal cell carcinomas and Squamous cell carcinomas are the two most common human cancers. The incidence of these two types of cancer is estimated to double within 20 years. Identification of the key m...
At What Time Should One Go Out in the Sun?
Johan Moan, Arne Dahlback and Alina Carmen Porojnicu
To get an optimal vitamin D supplement from the sun at a minimal risk of getting cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), the best time of sun exposure is noon. Thus, common health recommendations given by...
Treatment of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Knuth Rass and Wolfgang Tilgen
The incidence of skin cancer is increasing in Caucasian populations worldwide. Treatment approaches for Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are predominantly curative and surgery can be regarded as standar...
UV Damage and DNA Repair in Malignant Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Knuth Rass and Jörg Reichrath
Exposition of the skin with solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) is the main cause of skin cancer development. The consistently increasing incidences of melanocytic and nonmelanocytic skin tumors are beli...
Solar UV‑Radiation, Vitamin D and Skin Cancer Surveillance in Organ Transplant Recipients (OTRs)
Jörg Reichrath and Bernd Nürnberg
During the last decades, the annual numbers of performed solid organ transplants continuously increase world‑wide. For example in the United States of America (US) alone, it has been reported by...
Epidemiology of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer—The Role of Sunlight
Ulrike Leiter and Claus Garbe
Melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) are now the most common types of cancer in white populations. Both tumor entities show an increasing incidence rate worldwide but a stable or decreasing mor...
Histology of Melanoma and Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer
Cornelia S.L. Mueller and Jörg Reichrath
According to the WHO classification of skin tumours from 2006 actinic keratoses are very common intraepidermal neoplasm of sun‑damaged skin with variable atypia of the epidermal keratinocytes. M...
