Chapter category: Endocrine
OGP—The Osteogenic Growth Peptide
Growing Bone
Second Edition
Edited by: James F. WhitfieldISBN: 978-1-58706-156-1
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Chapter authors:
James F. Whitfield
Scooping out the marrow or driving a nail into the marrow cavity of a bone such as the tibia, like a fracture, causes the marrow cavity to fill with a blood clot and releases a shower of osteogenic signalers such as b2-microglobulin, IGF-I, PDGF, TGF-bs, and VEGF from platelets, shocked bone-lining cells and injured vascular cells (Carano and Fivaroff, 2003; Bab and Einhorn, 1993; Gerstenfeld et al., 2003). They trigger and then drive a burst of blood vessel regeneration and bone formation (without an intermediate cartilaginous stage) that spreads from the cortical periphery to the center of the cavity and eventually fills the cavity with trabecular (cancellous) bone. At the peak of this osteogenic phase, the marrow cavity is filled with busy osteoblasts and both mineralized and unmineralized matrix. It is these that summon the osteoclasts and then the hematopoietic cells. The osteoclasts chew up the trabecular bone plug, which is replaced by normal marrow (Bab and Einhorn, 1993). In other words the primary bone plug and its builders establish the microenvironment for the new bone marrow with its stromal cells and their osteogenic progeny and hematopoietic stem cells and their osteoclastic and various other progeny.
James F. Whitfield
Institute for Biological Sciences
National Research Council of Canada
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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