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Chapter category: Reproductive Biology

Somatic Cell Nuclei in Cloning: Strangers Traveling in a Foreign Land

This chapter appears in the following book:

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer

Edited by: Peter Sutovsky
ISBN: 0-387-37753-0
» Get more information about this book at landesbioscience.com «

Chapter authors:
Keith E. Latham, Shaorong Gao and Zhiming Han


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The recent successes in producing cloned offspring by somatic cell nuclear transfer are nothing short of remarkable. This process requires the somatic cell chromatin to substi- tute functionally for both the egg and the sperm genomes, and indeed the processing of the transferred nuclei shares aspects in common with processing of both parental genomes in normal fertilized embryos. Recent studies have yielded new information about the degree to which this substitution is accomplished. Overall, it has become evident that multiple aspects of genome processing and function are aberrant, indicating that the somatic cell chromatin only infrequently manages the successful transition to a competent surrogate for gamete genomes. This review focuses on recent results revealing these limitations and how they might be overcome.

Keith E. Latham
The Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Temple University Medical School

Shaorong Gao
The Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Temple University Medical School

Zhiming Han
The Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Temple University Medical School

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Additional chapters from this book:

Nuclear Remodeling and Nuclear Reprogramming for Making Transgenic Pigs by Nuclear Transfer

Randall S. Prather

A better understanding of the cellular and molecular events that occur when a nucleus is transferred to the cytoplasm of an oocyte will permit the development of improved procedures for performi...

Somatic Cell Nuclei in Cloning: Strangers Traveling in a Foreign Land

Keith E. Latham, Shaorong Gao and Zhiming Han

The recent successes in producing cloned offspring by somatic cell nuclear transfer are nothing short of remarkable. This process requires the somatic cell chromatin to substi- tute functionally ...

Cloning Cattle: The Methods in the Madness

Björn Oback and David N. Wells

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is much more widely and efficiently practiced in cattle than in any other species, making this arguably the most important mammal cloned to date. While the i...

Centrosome Inheritance after Fertilization and Nuclear Transfer in Mammals

Qing-Yuan Sun and Heide Schatten

Centrosomes, the main microtubule organizing centers in a cell, are nonmembrane-bound semi-conservative organelles consisting of numerous centrosome proteins that typi- cally surround a pair of p...

Developmental, Behavioral and Physiological Phenotype of Cloned Mice

Kellie L. K. Tamashiro, Randall R. Sakai, Yukiko Yamazaki, Teruhiko Wakayama and Ryuzo Yanagimachi

Cloning from adult somatic cells has been successful in at least ten species. Although generating viable cloned mammals from adult cells is technically feasible, prenatal and perinatal mortality...

Nucleolar Remodeling in Nuclear Transfer Embryos

Jozef Laurincik and Poul Maddox-Hyttel

Transcription of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes occurs in the nucleolus and results in ribosome biogenesis. The rRNA gene activation and the associated nucleolus forma- tion may be used as a mark...

Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer (SCNT) in Mammals: The Cytoplast and Its Reprogramming Activities

Josef Fulka, Jr. and Helena Fulka

It is now more than nine years since Dolly, the world’s first somatic cell cloned mammal was born, and the success of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is still disappointingly low. Only abou...

Mitochondrial DNA Inheritance after SCNT

Stefan Hiendleder

Mitochondrial biogenesis and function is under dual genetic control and requires extensive interaction between biparentally inherited nuclear genes and maternally inherited mitochondrial genes. ...

Activation of Fertilized and Nuclear Transfer Eggs

Christopher Malcuit and Rafael A. Fissore

In all animal species, initiation of embryonic development occurs shortly after the joining together of the gametes from each of the sexes. The first of these steps, referred to as “egg activati...


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