Chapter category:
Animal Models of Spondyloarthritis
Molecular Mechanisms
of Spondylorthropathies
Edited by: Carlos López-LarreaISBN: TBA
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Chapter authors:
Joel D. Taurog
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Joel D. Taurog
Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
Additional chapters from this book:
Biochemical Features of Hla‑B27 and Antigen Processing
Simon J. Powis, Susana G. Santos and Antony N. Antoniou
The strong association of the human MHC class I allele HLA‑B27 with the development of the chronic inflammatory disease ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is clear and has been known for over three dec...
Synovial and Mucosal Immunopathology in Spondyloarthritis
Bernard Vandooren, Paul P. Tak and Dominique Baeten
Chronic inflammation of musculoskeletal structures is the most prominent disease manifestation of SpA. More specifically, the axial disease affects the spine, the sacroiliac joints and the hips. Perip...
Dendritic Cell: T-Cell Interactions in Spondyloarthritis
J.S. Hill Gaston, Lorna B. Jarvis, Libin Zhang and Jane C. Goodall
The discovery of the association between spondyloarthritis (SpA) and HLA‑B27 inevitably turned the spotlight on T‑lymphocytes as the cells which recognize peptide antigens within the bindi...
Animal Models of Spondyloarthritis
Joel D. Taurog
Animal models are available for the study of several different aspects of spondyloarthritis. The models include naturally occurring spontaneous disorders in primates and rodents, spontaneous disorders...
Spondyloarthritis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis and Chondrocalcinosis (DISH)
Jácome Bruges Armas, Ana Rita Couto and Bruno Filipe Bettencourt
The authors describe the main clinical and radiological findings of common enthesopathic disorders—Spondylarthritis (SpA), Chondrocalcinosis/calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystal deposition disease ...
HLA‑B27‑Bound Peptide Repertoires: Their Nature, Origin and Pathogenetic Relevance
Jose A. López de Castro
Peptide binding is a central biological property of HLA‑B27. The availability of HLA‑B27 subtypes differentially associated to ankylosing spondylitis provides a unique tool to explore the ...
Genomewide Screens in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Matthew A. Brown
Efforts to identify genes other than HLA‑B27 in AS have been driven by the strength of the evidence from genetic epidemiology studies indicating that HLA‑B27, although a major gene in AS, ...
Bone Formation Versus Bone Resorption in Ankylosing Spondylitis
Georg Schett
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and other forms of seronegative spondylarthritis (SpA) are characterized by two major processes in joints‑ the first is chronic inflammation and the second is progres...
HLA‑B27 and Host‑Pathogen Interaction
Anna S. Sahlberg, Kaisa Granfors and Markus A. Penttinen
HLA‑B27 is a risk factor closely associated to spondyloarthropathies (SpA). One form of SpA is reactive arthritis (ReA), which develops as a complication after certain bacterial infections (e.g....
Innate Immunity of Spondyloarthritis: The Role of Toll‑Like Receptors
Robert D. Inman
Amongst the spondyloarthropathies (SpA), the relationship of host susceptibility and environmental triggers is best seen in reactive arthritis (ReA). There are several points from the clinical studies...
The Enthesis Organ Concept and its Relevance to the Spondyloarthropathies
Michael Benjamin and Dennis McGonagle
A characteristic feature of the spondyloarthropathies is inflammation at tendon or ligament attachment sites. This has traditionally been viewed as a focal abnormality, even though the inflammatory re...
RankL/Rank as Key Factors for Osteoclast Development and Bone Loss in Arthropathies
Andreas Leibbrandt and Josef M. Penninger
Osteoporosis or rheumatoid arthritis are bone diseases affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide and thus pose a tremendous burden to health care. Ground‑breaking discoveries made in ba...
Biomarkers in Spondyloarthropathies
Chun-Hsiung Chen, David Tak Yan Yu and Chung-Tei Chou
The study of biomarkers in spondyloarthropathy (SpA) has emerged to be a very important field of research. This is particularly because the two commonly used biomarkers, erythrocyte sedimentation rate...
HLA‑B27 Misfolding and Spondyloarthropathies
Robert A. Colbert, Monica L. DeLay, Gerlinde Layh-Schmitt and Dawn P. Sowders
HLA‑B27 plays a central role in the pathogenesis of many spondyloarthropathies and in particular ankylosing spondylitis. The observation that the HLA‑B27 heavy chain has a tendency to misf...
The Role of B27 Heavy Chain Dimer Immune Receptor Interactions in Spondyloarthritis
Simon Kollnberger and Paul Bowness
HLA‑B27 (B27) is strongly associated with spondyloarthopathy. The classical role of B27 is to present peptides from intracellular pathogens as a heterotrimeric complex with β2 microglobulin...
Clinical Assessment in the Spondyloarthropathies
Ruth Wittoek and Herman Mielants
In order to measure disease activity, progression and response to therapy, it is important to use accurate, reliable and feasible outcome measures that can ideally be used in longitudinal cohorts, cli...
Implications of Structural and Thermodynamic Studies of Hla-B27 Subtypes Exhibiting Differential Association with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Andreas Ziegler, Bernhard Loll, Rolf Misselwitz and Barbara Uchanska-Ziegler
Structural and thermodynamic properties of HLA‑B27 molecules provide the basis for their function within the immune system and are probably also central for the understanding of the pathology of...
Imaging in Spondyloarthritis
Walter P. Maksymowych
The role of imaging in the evaluation and management of SpA has experienced a resurgence of interest with the introduction of MRI and more sophisticated sonographic technologies. Several approaches ha...
T-Cell Responses Against Viral and Self‑Epitopes and Hla‑B27 Subtypes Differentially Associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Rosa Sorrentino and Maria T. Fiorillo
HLA‑B27 family comprehends some alleles strongly associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and some others that are not. A comparative analysis at genetic and functional level is likely to giv...
Bone Loss in the Spondyloarthropathies: Role of Osteoclast, Rankl, Rank and Opg in the Spondyloarthropathies
Allen P. Anandarajah and Edward M. Schwarz
Bone loss is a common finding in the spondyloarthropathies. It may be localized and present as erosions or be generalized and cause osteoporosis. The pathogenesis of bone loss in the spondyloarthropat...
KIR Genes and Their Role in Spondyloarthropathies
Roberto Díaz-Peña, Miguel Angel Blanco-Gelaz and Carlos López-Larrea
Cellular activity of Natural killer cells (NK cells) is defined by the balance between activating and inhibitory signals coming from their receptors. With respect to this response, Killer immunoglobul...
