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Chapter category: Evolution

The Frame for New Hypotheses of Evolution

Chapter authors:
Christian Schwabe

How does one present any new idea, which is in principle impossible to proof? Hypotheses are self-limiting and an old paradigm of evolution will fall victim to its errors in logic. In biology in particular (because it is so close to our skin), old paradigms tend to exchange fundamental guidelines of science for political correctness and technological expedience. Not for scientific restrictions, but for political reasons would it be difficult to find an unbiased jury for the proposal that humans might be of various origins and, in part because of methodological convenience, the computer-oriented molecular biologists would (and do) enthusiastically ignore the evidence that protein structures may not bear a parametric relationship to genealogy. Science, culture, and vested interests tend to fuse as paradigms age and, off and on, the science must be extracted from this matrix and held to the light to see whether it holds up on its own. To that extent one must have clear ideas about what can be known, what constitutes evidence, what are truly dependent variables, as opposed to wishful thinking induced by emotional needs. Ah, but mathematical models will help, unemotional mathematics will brush out the rubbish of prejudices and human sentimentality, or will it?

Mathematical models that describe and predict the inanimate world quite well are actually of little value in the system of deterministic chaos that governs biology. The answers one can expect from mathematical approaches to evolution (in contrast to my earlier perception) cannot be narrowed to less than the surface of the chaotic attractor of the system which is a little like watching evolution on earth from a satellite.1 The limits of the attractor surface are given by the initial conditions which are not knowable in sufficient detail.2 Empiricism can help, after all our laws of science by and large are the results of repeated observations.

Fossils and chemistry would be stretching correlations within a Darwinian framework but that relation is the substance of the new hypothesis. Chemistry is part of the logical core of biology, which will become more obvious when speciation is considered in the Genomic Potential Hypothesis. It is, like all of evolution, about molecules that self-organize without the help of anything but other molecules, i.e., chemistry.

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