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Chapter category: Evolution

Natura non facit saltum (Nature does nothing in jumps)

Chapter authors:
Christian Schwabe

Latin is intimidating, and people tend to defer to anything expressed in that venerable language. Of all the errors chiseled into our cultural foundation in Latin, the title of this chapter is remarkably wrong. The creation of atoms, the movement of electrons, molecular energy levels, everything is quantized and h (Planck's constant) represents the energy difference between nearest energy states anywhere in the visible universe. We live by feeding the energy difference between ground state and excited electrons into our system, taming the electron on its way down, so to speak, draining it of its energy one small package at a time. The sub-atomic world is rough but, unlike bacteria and smaller creatures that are buffeted by Brownian motion, metazoans do not feel the roughness. Macroscopic life feels molecular action as temperature, which seems to be a step-less quantity. The world perceived through our senses seems smooth and continuous so that we have to restore some credit to the idiom that is the title of this chapter.

Evolution, is it smooth or sporadic and does it matter? Sometimes our big problems boil down to silly questions. The evidence is right before us, could one not just recognize saltation without much ado? The problem is more complicated because the evidence comes in the form of still pictures (fossils) that need to be assembled to make a story and, because frames are taken millions of years apart, there is latitude for different hypotheses to exist. The mode of evolution, i.e., smooth and imperceptible, versus stop and go, versus rapid appearance with minor adjustments, are questions that are deeply embedded in different hypotheses. The answer to these questions determines what hypothesis of evolution will be viable in the final analysis so, does nature make jumps in the macroscopic world?

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