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Chapter category: Evolution

Experiments in Evolution

Chapter authors:
Christian Schwabe

Conceptual science interfaces with the experimental world as predictions emanate from the internal logic of a paradigm. Hypotheses concerning the origin and unfolding of life have their first brush with reality when they are held up against fossils. Molecular genealogy is the first prediction evolving from the Darwinian paradigm of "descent with variation" and fossil and protein lineage must confirm each other if the original idea is correct. Evolution by random mutations amounts to an intrusion of divinity into science and it is satisfying that the concept does not yield acceptable results. The next prediction of the old model pertains to the mechanism of the evolution-induced genomic changes and that is amenable to experimental testing. New technology has made it possible to progress to a deeper level of the genealogy, the rationale for mutation acceptance.

The accumulation of the primordial genome is a chance event by any hypothesis whereby one must grant the possibility that there may have been a tendency to form a certain sequence faster than another, but that problem is left waiting until one knows how primordial condensation occurred. In any case, the genomist claims that all variations observed today are due to prebiotic events1 in contrast to the old model.2 Proteins would change continuously in the Darwinian system with survival as the only selective force. Proteins in this type of study come, for obvious reasons, exclusively from survivors. The testable aspect of the hypothesis is the proposal that functionally important amino acids remain constant in a protein and that functionally unimportant ones are subject to mutational replacement.

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