Chapter category: Atherosclerosis
The Activated Macrophage: Role in Atherogenesis
Edited by: Ming K. Heng
ISBN:
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Chapter authors:
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Macrophages are found in lesions of atherosclerosis at all stages of lesion development, where they are best known for their ability to accumulate lipids, forming foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Since macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions are always found in association with T lymphocytes, it is believed that the interaction of Tlymphocytes with cells capable of antigen–presenting function, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, may be important in mediating the immune response in atherogenesis. Besides its antigen–presenting function, activated macrophages are also responsible for producing a large variety of cytokines and growth factors, which modulate the activity of many types of target cells (Nathan 1987). In this Chapter, we focus on mechanisms of macrophage activation, including the need for priming by dendritic T cells, emphasizing the role of the macrophage in antigen processing and presentation and as a producer of cytokines. We will also address the role of the macrophage in early lesions and advanced atherosclerotic disease, emphasizing the secretory and functional properties of the activated macrophage and the circumstances associated with its activation.
Additional chapters from this book:
Mechanisms of T Lymphocyte Activation: Role in Atherogenesis
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Activated T lymphocytes are believed to play regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Significant numbers of activated T lymphocytes, colocalized with macrophages, are present ...
Antigen Recognition by gd T–Cells:
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Activated T lymphocytes are an integral part of atherosclerotic plaques, and recent observations suggest that they play a role in the inflammatory response in atherogenesis (Gown et...
Antigen Recognition by gd T–Cells:
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Activated T lymphocytes are an integral part of atherosclerotic plaques, and recent observations suggest that they play a role in the inflammatory response in atherogenesis (Gown et...
Mechanisms of T Lymphocyte Activation: Role in Atherogenesis
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Activated T lymphocytes are believed to play regulatory roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Significant numbers of activated T lymphocytes, colocalized with macrophages, are present ...
The Activated Macrophage: Role in Atherogenesis
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Macrophages are found in lesions of atherosclerosis at all stages of lesion development, where they are best known for their ability to accumulate lipids, forming foam cells in atherosclerotic...
Homing Mechanisms of Lymphocytes: Role of Adhesion Molecules and
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
The recruitment of activatedTlymphocytes in early lesions of atherosclerosis supports the concept that these cells are involved in atherogenesis (Tsukada et al, 1986; Munro et al 1987; Xu et a...
Cytokine Activated Target Cells in Atherogenesis: The Vascular
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells is an integral component of the thickened intima in atherosclerotic and restenotic arteries (Schwartz and Ross, 1984; Gordon et al, 1990; O'Brien ...
Cytokine–Activated Target Cells in Atherogenesis: The Endothelial
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Cell–mediated immunity involving activated lymphocytes and macrophages is believed to play a significant role in atherogenesis. A variety of cytokines secreted by both activated lymphocyt...
Cytokines and Growth Factors in Receptor–Mediated Signaling
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Smooth muscle cells constitute up to 60–80% of the cellular population within the arterial intima in atherosclerotic plaques and restenotic lesions (Schwartz and Reidy 1987; Khochi et al,...
Immune Mechanisms in Acute Coronary Ischemic Syndromes
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In recent years, the concept that atherosclerosis has many patho–physiologic characteristics of a chronic inflammatory process has lead to a reappraisal of the mechanisms of the acute cor...
Evidence for Immune Involvement in Atherogenesis
Ming K. Heng and Madalene C.Y. Heng
Much of the evidence for the hypothesis that atherogenesis represents an inflammatory response to arterial injury was derived from pathologic and recently, immunohistochemical, studies. It has...
Basic Concepts in Atherogenesis, Immunology and Wound Repair
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Although understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanismsof atherogenesis has greatly accelerated over the last decade, surprising modern concepts of its basic pathophysiology have exist...
