Chapter category: Gene Expression
Mitochondrial Telomeres: Alternative Solutions to the End-Replication Problem
Telomerases, Telomeres and Cancer
Edited by: Guido Krupp and Reza ParwareschISBN: 0-306-47437-9
» Get more information about this book at landesbioscience.com «
Chapter authors:
Jozef Nosek and Lubomir Tomaska
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Additional chapters from this book:
Telomere Maintenance in Human Cell Lines and Tumors without Telomerase
Clare L. Fasching, Roger R. Reddel
In eukaryotic organisms containing linear chromosomes, each chromosome end terminates in a specialized structure, referred to as a telomere, that contains Grich repetitive DNA.1 ...
Recombinational Telomere Elongation in the Yeast Kluyveromyces lactis
Michael J. McEachern
As detailed elsewhere in this book, the functioning of human telomeres was shown to be involved in both carcinogenesis and cellular senescence. The gradual shortening of telomeres that occu...
Telomeres without Telomerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Edward J. Louis
There are two important properties of telomeres. They must be able to overcome the inability for DNA polymerases to replicate the ends of chromosomes, the endreplication problem, and they m...
Structure and Maintenance of Chromosome Ends in Plants
Jîrí Fajkus and Ulrike Zentgraf
Let us open this chapter by answering two basic questions: which features distinguish the terminal parts of plant chromosomes from their internal regions, and what is special about plant ch...
New Telomere Formation During the Process of Chromatin Diminution in the Parasitic univalens
Fritz Müller
Telomeres are specialized DNAprotein complexes at the end of all linear eukaryotic chromosomes that are essential for the maintenance of genome integrity. In the vast majority of eukaryotes...
Regulation of Telomerase Activity
JunPing Liu, Siddhartha Deb, and He Li
Essential for genomic integrity and stability within the cell, telomerase plays an important role in cell proliferation and aging. Telomerase maintains the genome with its enzy matic activi...
Telomerase and Radiosensitivity of Human Tumors
Tej K. Pandita
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex that elongates telomeres. It is ubiquitous in embryonic tissues but downregulated in most of the somatic tissues. Biochemical and genetic studies h...
Telomerase Activity in Neuroblastomas: A New Molecular Marker for Treatment
Christopher Poremba and Barbara Dockhorn Dworniczak
Neuroblastoma, a tumour derived from neural crest cells, represents the third most common pediatric cancer (accounting for approximately 710% of all childhood malignancies) and is the most com...
Telomerase in Mesothelioma: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
Karl Dhaene
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy of the mesothelial cell (MC) lining the body cavities. In western Europe, its incidence is expected to rise till 2020 because of the wid...
Telomerase Activity in Mesenchymal Tumors
Regine Schneider Stock, Carsten Boltze, and Albert Roessner
Together with tumors of bone, soft tissue tumors form a major histogenetic class that is distinct from neoplasms of epithelial, hematopoetic, or central neurogenic origin. Although consistent ...
The Role of Telomerase DeRegulation in Keratinocyte Immortality and the Progression
E. Kenneth Parkinson
In contrast to normal keratinocytes, most advanced human head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCC-HNs) are immortal1 and the immortal phenotype is associated with specific forms ...
Human, Mouse and Yeast Telomerase
Tara J. Moriarty and Chantal Autexier
Telomeres, the ends of chromosomes, and their associated proteins, maintain genomic stability.1 Intact telomeres prevent the ends of chromosomes from being degraded by exonucleases,...
The Significance of Quantitative Evaluation of Telomerase Activity and hTERT mRNA Expression in Colorectal Cancers
Melissa Poggesi, Stefania Gelmini, Claudia Casini Raggi, Fabio Cianchi, Rosa Valanzano, Mario Pazzagli and Claudio Orlando
Colorectal cancer is a common tumor in western countries. In the United States, during 2000, more than 130 000 new cases of colon cancer and rectal cancer were reported1 affecting a...
Linear Plasmids in Yeasts and Filamentous Fungi
Livia Civitelli and Fiorentina Ascenzioni
Plasmids are extrachromosomal molecules that replicate independently from the genome although in some cases, when they integrate into the chromosomes, replicate as a part of the genome. Pla...
Yeast Telomerases: Structure, Mechanisms and Regulation
Neal F. Lue
Because of the ability to carry out facile genetic analysis, budding yeasts have long been used as model systems for identifying factors involved in regulating telomere structure and maintenan...
Roles for TERT and Telomerase in Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis
Mark P. Mattson, Peisu Zhang and Weiming Fu
High levels of telomerase activity are associated with cell proliferation during embryonic development and with cell transformation and cancers. In developing tissues levels of telomerase acti...
Mitochondrial Telomeres: Alternative Solutions to the End-Replication Problem
Jozef Nosek and Lubomir Tomaska
Linear and circular genomes may appear to be evolutionarily distant. However, there are numerous cases in which closely related organisms with nearly identical genomes can be found arranged ei...
Telomerase Activity as a Marker of Tumor Cell Survival to Evaluate Sensitivity of Neoplastic Cells to Cancer Treatment
Isabella Faraoni and Enzo Bonmassar
Part of this book is dedicated to the large amount of experimental data presently available on the biochemical and molecular aspects of telomerase. Therefore no details on this enzymatic funct...
DNA Primer Extension by Telomerase
Haim Manor, Yonit Haviv and Nava Baran
Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes found at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes. The telomeric complexes prevent the chromosome ends from being recognized and processed as double strand...
The Makings of Telomerases
Joachim Lingner and Christian Wenz
The discovery of the cellular reverse transcriptase known as 'telomerase' in extracts from the singlecelled ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila by Carol Greider and Elizabeth...
The Biology of Telomeres in Hypotrichous Ciliates
Franziska Jonsson and Hans J. Lipps
Like other ciliated protozoa, hypotrichous ciliates, to which for example the genera Euplotes, Oxytricha or Stylonychia belong, contain two morphologi...
PNA and Oligonucleotide Inhibitors of Human Telomerase
Gérald Gavory and Shankar Balasubramanian
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme that maintains telomeres; the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes. Human telomerase synthesises TTAGGG tandem repeat sequences at the 3' end of the chromoso...
Potential of the Telomerase Catalytic Subunit as a Universal Tumor-Associated Antigen for Cancer Immunotherapy
Robert H. Vonderheide and William C. Hahn
Numerous recent studies in both human and animal systems have provided compelling evidence that the immune system can be manipulated to specifically recognize and kill human tumor...
RAP1 Binding and Length Regulation of Yeast Telomeres
Johan Wahlin and Marita Cohn
The gene coding for Repressor Activator Protein 1 (RAP1) is essential for S. cerevisiae cellular viability. Since it was first identified some 15 years ago, the RAP1
Telomeres in Drosophila and Other Insects
Harald Biessmann, Marika F. Walter and James M. Mason
Of the vast numbers of insect species from many orders, only a few have been investigated for telomere structure. However, these studies have revealed the presence of three different types of ...
Telomeres and Mechanisms of DNA Double Strand Break Repair
Predrag Slijepcevic
More than half a century ago, the pioneer of radiation genetics, Herman Joseph Muller, proposed that specialized structures, he termed telomeres, must be present at chromosome ends to ...
Amplification of hTERT, the Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Gene in Human
Dawei Xu, Anju Zhang, Mi Hou, Magnus Björkholm and Astrid Gruber
Telomeres, the nucleoprotein structure consisting of tandemly repeated TTAGGG sequences and associated proteins, form protective caps on human linear chromosome ends, and are essential to main...
