Chapter category: Coagulation
Endothelial Cell Perturbation and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Molecular Mechanisms of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Edited by: Hugo ten CateISBN: 1-58706-058-2
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Chapter authors:
Nicola Semeraro and Mario Colucci
It has long been recognized that the vascular endothelium is a major target of bacterial endotoxin and of a variety of microorganisms, and that damage to endothelial cells (ECs) is a hallmark of Gram-negative sepsis and many other infections. Earlier evidence to suggest a role for ECs in endotoxin-induced pathophysiological changes, including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), has derived almost exclusively from animal studies showing that endotoxin administration causes severe endothelial injury in different tissues, ranging from morphological abnormalities to detachment of the cells, eventually leading to their appearance in the circulation.1-3 Accordingly, it was originally thought that damage to ECs could expose vascular basement membrane and thus provide a site at which the contact system of blood coagulation could become activated.
Additional chapters from this book:
Lessons from Venous Thrombosis and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Synthesis of Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Prothrombotic States
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Treatment Strategies in DIC
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The proper management of patients with DIC remains controversial. The clinical picture of simultaneously occurring systemic thrombotic depositions and bleeding due to consumption does not d...
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Blood Borne Tissue Factor (Including Microparticles)
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Minor amounts of biologically active tissue factor (TF) are always constitutively present in circulating blood of healthy individuals. In various diseases, including those underlying the in...
Endothelial Cell Perturbation and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Nicola Semeraro and Mario Colucci
It has long been recognized that the vascular endothelium is a major target of bacterial endotoxin and of a variety of microorganisms, and that damage to endothelial cells (ECs) is a hallmark ...
Genetic Risk Factors for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
D.W. Sommeijer and P.H. Reitsma
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life threatening condition that occurs due to a severe imbalance of the coagulation system. DIC is characterized by the combined occurrence of...
Regulation of Coagulation and Inflammation by the Thrombomodulin/Protein C System in Sepsis
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Thrombomodulin (TM) plays a role in regulation of the coagulation system not only by decreasing the procoagulant activities of thrombin, but by activation of protein C (PC) to form activated protein C...
DIC at the Intersection of the Thrombotic, Fibrinolytic and Inflammatory Axes
Sean P. Mazer, David J. Pinsky
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a common clinical syndrome with dichotomous presentations of hemorrhage and thrombosis with a common underlying pathophysiology. As a syndrome, DIC pres...
Cytokines as Regulators of Coagulation
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Severe infection is frequently accompanied by disturbances in the hemostatic balance. The most severe manifestation of these disturbances is known as the clinical syndrome of disseminated intravascula...
Factor XI, TAFI and DIC
Monique C. Minnema, Joost C.M. Meijers
Since 1991, the opinion on the role of factor XI in coagulation has changed from an intermediary between the contact system and factor IX to an important protease in both the coagulation and the fibri...
Contributions of the Plasma Kallikrein/Kinin System to Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation
Alvin H. Schmaier
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a clinicopathologic state that arises from an imbalance between the degree of thrombin and plasmin formation. Most cases of DIC arise from tissue injury...
The Pleiotropic Effects of Tissue Factor
Henri H. Versteeg, C. Arnold Spek
Tissue factor, a 47 kDa integral membrane glycoprotein, is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade. Interaction of TF with factor VIIa, which circulates at low levels in the bloodstream, resu...
Regulation of Tissue Factor Expression
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The cellular initiation of the coagulation protease cascade by tissue factor (TF) is the central pathway that initiates disseminated intravascular coagulation and contributes to lethality associated w...
