Chapter category: Autoimmunity
Multiple Sclerosis
Endocrine and Organ Specific Autoimmunity
Edited by: George S. EisenbarthISBN: 1-57059-538-0
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Chapter authors:
Konstantin Balashov and Howard L. Weiner
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects CNS myelin. MS is characterized by multiple perivascular lesions found throughout the white matter in the brain and spinal cord, which are often periventricular. Although the cause and pathogenesis of MS are unknown, the most commonly held view is that it is an autoimmune disease directed against CNS myelin antigens related in some way to a viral infection.
Additional chapters from this book:
Ocular Autoimmunity
Luiz V. Rizzo and Robert B. Nussenblatt
Uveitis is a term originally used to describe an inflammatory process of the uvea (the median layer of the eye or tunica vasculosa bulbi, which includes the iris, ciliary body and choro...
Autoimmune Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Neuropathy
Aaron I. Vinik, Gary L. Pittenger, Zvonko Milicevic and Jadrank Knezevic-Cuca
Our knowledge of the physiology and pathophysiology of immune responses in the cen-tral (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS) has grown over the last decade. This new information has faci...
Multiple Sclerosis
Konstantin Balashov and Howard L. Weiner
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects CNS myelin. MS is characterized by multiple perivascular lesions found throughout the white ...
Etiopathogenesis of Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Jean-François Bach, Ana Maria Yamamoto, Farid Djabiri and Henri-Jean Garchon
Myasthenia gravis (MG) is not one of the most common autoimmune disease (approximate prevalence of 0.1 per thousand in Western Europe) but it is certainly one of the most thoroughly studied au...
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Eiji Kawasaki, Ronald G. Gill and George S. Eisenbarth
Diabetes mellitus is a series of disorders characterized by absolute or relative insulin deficiency that leads to hyperglycemia and altered glucose metabolism. These disorders are associated p...
Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (IAS, Hirata Disease)
Yasuko Uchigata and Yukimasa Hirata
Although HLA and disease association has been studied for many diseases, only four dis- eases have been identified in which almost all patients have the same HLA antigen; B27 in 88% of ankylos...
Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases
Horia Vlase and Terry F. Davies
The human AITDs1 include hyperthyroid Graves' disease (classical Graves' disease with thyrotoxicosis), euthyroid Graves' disease (without thyrotoxicosis), both with or without Grave...
Celiac Disease
Fei Bao, Marian Rewers, Fraser Scott and George S. Eisenbarth
Celiac disease is a common, often asymptomatic immune-mediated disorder with a preva-lence of approximately 1/200 in Western populations. The disorder is typically associated with intestinal l...
Oncogenic Autoimmunity
Robert P. Friday and Massimo Pietropaolo
Toward the end of the nineteenth century Louis Pasteur demonstrated that widespread immune–mediated self–destruction of neural tissue occurs in animals exposed to crude extracts of c...
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type II
Maria J. Redondo and George S. Eisenbarth
The two major autoimmune polyendocrine syndromes are termed autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type I (APS-I) and APS-II.1-4 These syndromes are of particular interest in that they h...
Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Type I (APECED)
Jaakko Perheentupa and Aaro Miettinen
This disease is known by many names, most commonly as autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS–I). We prefer the name autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis–ectodermal dystro...
Immunobiology of Autoimmunity
Donald Bellgrau and George S. Eisenbarth
Autoimmunity can be defined as immune responses directed against selfantigens and an autoimmune disorder as a disease which results from autoimmunity.1,2 The cells of the immune sys...
