Chapter category: Heart
Metabolic and Antioxidant Support with Amino Acids
Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Cardiac Surgery
Edited by: Friedhelm BeyersdorfISBN: 1-58706-002-7
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Chapter authors:
Oleg I. Pisarenko
Hypothermic hyperkalemic cardiople- giais is currently the preferred method of myocardial preservation for the performance of cardiac operations. At present research efforts of many laboratories focus on approaches to enhanced myocardial protection by various pharmacological agents. During the past 15 years amino acids are being extensively studied among other natural metabolites potentially capable to attenuate ischemic and reperfusion injury. A minor significance of amino acids as energy producing substrates is generally accepted since less than 5% of oxygen consumed by the heart is used for their oxidation.1 Although amino acids are involved in intracellular metabolism and operating specific transport systems of the plasma membrane, they do not affect cardiac function under normal conditions.2 However, there is a growing body of evidence that certain of them may be vital for myocardial function and survival during ischemia/reperfusion stress. In this respect glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), taurine (Tau), branched chain amino acids (BCAA), histidine (His) and methionine (Met) seem to be the most important. Mechanisms of their action, in conditions relevant to cardiac surgery, are briefly discussed in this chapter.
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