Chapter category: Vaccines
DNA Vaccines
New Vaccine Technologies
Edited by: Ronald W. EllisISBN: 1-58706-050-7
» Get more information about this book at landesbioscience.com «
Chapter authors:
Daniel E. McCallus, Catherine J. Pachuk, Shaw-guang Lee and C. Satishchandran
Research into the use of DNA vaccines has shown that this mode of immunization has much potential for widescale application. The ability to elicit an immune response by injection of DNA encoding the gene for the protein-antigen of interest has been demonstrated by a variety of methods. The genes may be introduced into eukaryotic cells by viral or bacterial vectors or through uptake of naked or complexed plasmid DNA. All allow an exogenous gene to be transcribed inside the host (vaccinee's) cell and allow the presentation of the expressed protein to the immune system in a manner that will generate a potentially protective response. This review will describe the methods by which DNA vaccines are delivered to the ce-lls and how the genes are expressed and presented to the immune system. Other important issues such as the safety and manufacturing of DNA vaccines will also be addressed.
Vaccination with DNA is a recent technology possessing distinct advantages over traditional vaccines (killed or attenuated organisms) and the more recentlyderived subunit vaccines. DNA vaccines, like attenuated vaccines, are able to induce both cellular and humoral responses, while subunit vaccines typically elicit only humoral responses. The risk of revertants that is present with attenuated viral or bacterial vaccines are not an issue with DNA vaccines. In addition, plasmid DNA vaccines also may have advantageous stability properties and should be able to withstand worldwide transport to a greater extent as compared to their traditional counterparts. Plasmid DNA can also be easily manipulated using standard laboratory techniques, allowing for the creation of a "backbone" plasmid that can incorporate a potentially limitless number of different genes. The resulting plasmids can be readily scaled up to produce large quantities of vaccine stocks.
Additional chapters from this book:
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DNA Vaccines
Daniel E. McCallus, Catherine J. Pachuk, Shaw-guang Lee and C. Satishchandran
Research into the use of DNA vaccines has shown that this mode of immunization has much potential for widescale application. The ability to elicit an immune response by injection of DNA enc...
Polysaccharide Vaccines
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The immune response to polysaccharide antigens is qualitatively different from that to protein antigens. Considering only those aspects that bear upon immunity to polysac- charides, the dif...
Peptide Vaccines
Damu Yang, Gregory E. Holt, Michael P. Rudolf, Markwin P. Velders, Remco M. P. Brandt, Eugene D. Kwon, and W. Martin Kast
For most of the history of vaccine production, the development of a new vaccine involved producing inactivated organisms or crude components of the pathogen. There is now generally a need to d...
Protein-Based Vaccines
Sheena M. Loosmore, Gavin R. Zealey, and Raafat E.F. Fahim
The introduction of inactivated vaccines for viral or bacterial diseases such as smallpox, polio, pertussis, tuberculosis, measles, mumps and rubella has led to the eradication or control of t...
Live Attenuated Bacterial Vectors
Sims K. Kochi and Kevin P. Killeen
It is doubtful that Louis Pasteur could have anticipated the significance in 1881 that his discovery of bacterial attenuation would have on the use of microorganisms to protect against infe...
Live Attenuated Bacterial Vaccines
Kevin P. Killeen and Victor J. DiRita
Immunization is the most effective public health tool used to control infectious disease. Moreover, it is extremely cost effective given that treatment of disease is far more expensive than...
Inactivated Virus Vaccines
Andrew D. Murdin, Benjamin Rovinski, Suryaprakash Sambhara
Inactivated virus vaccines have made a significant contribution to the control of infectious disease during the 20th century and will surely remain an important feature of vaccin...
Live Viral Vectors
Elizabeth B. Kauffman, Michel Bublot, Russell R. Gettig, Keith J. Limbach, Steven E Pincus, and Jill Taylor
Live viral vector vaccines derived by the insertion of genes encoding sequences from disease organisms offer a number of advantages over live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, subu...
Recombinant Live Attenuated Viral Vaccines
Richard R. Spaete
Vaccination with live attenuated viruses in general offers a number of advantages as a strategy to evoke an effective and long lasting immune response. Foremost among these is the possibili...
Live Vaccines
Alan R. Shaw
Live attenuated viral vaccines represent the most effective means of inducing a broad immune response against viruses that can be cultivated in vitro. These vaccines mimic a natural ...
In-Licensing Issues and Vaccine Technologies
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The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing profound changes as the advances in biotechnology give rise to new technologies and approaches to discovering and developing new products. Conventi...
Vaccine Regulatory Issues
Marion F. Gruber, Paul G. Richman and Julianne C. M. Clifford
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Clinical Issues for New Vaccine Technologies
Luc Hessel
Vaccination as a means of preventing infectious diseases arguably has had the greatest impact on human health of any medical intervention.1 Since the pioneer work of Jenner and P...
New Technologies for Making Vaccines
Ronald W. Ellis
The past two decades have witnessed an explosion in the number of technological and immunological approaches for making new vaccines. These developments have flowed from advances in a broad...
