Cell Cycle
Chapters
page 1 of 2 pages | next »Cell Cycle Molecular Targets and Drug Discovery
John Boulamwini
There have emerged, within the aberrant cell cycle regulatory pathways frequently encountered in cancer cells, several potential targets for novel anticancer drug discovery. Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulatory units, cyclins, play a central role in cell cycle progression...
Activating Phosphorylation of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in Budding Yeast
Philipp Kaldis, Vasiliki Tsakraklides, Karen E. Ross, Edward Winter
The eukaryotic cell division cycle is controlled via the sequential activation and inactivation of cyclin-dependent protein kinases (cdks). In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cdc28p is the only CDK involved in regulating the cell cycle, while...
Activation of CDKs by CAK: CAK in TFIIH
Anne Keriel and Jean-Marc Egly
TFIIH was originally identified as a basal transcription factor involved in protein-coding genes transcription.1,2 The systematic cloning of its nine subunits revealed however that TFIIH also participates in two other fundamental cell processes: cell...
Autocrine Transformation: Cytokine Model
James A. McCubrey, Xiao-yang Wang, Paul A. Algate, William L. Blalock and Linda S. Steelman
Autocrine growth factor secretion by cells is a frequent event involved in malignant transformation. Constitutive growth factor gene expression can in turn result in the deregulation of survival. Furthermore, autocrine and paracrine growth factor synthesis can also contribute to the enhanced ...
CAK from Marine Invertebrates to Human
Randy Y.C. Poon
The eukaryotic cell cycle is driven by an evolutionarily conserved engine consisting of a series of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin modules. The orderly events of the cell cycle depend on the complex interplay of many factors, but the long-held idea that activation...
CDK-Activating Kinases in Higher Plants
Masaaki Umeda
Recent development in plant molecular genetics has facilitated our understanding of how plants accomplish their body plans in response to various environmental signals. Plants have a unique feature of making almost all organs after embryogenesis, and morphogenesis us...
CDK-Activation in Fission Yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe: Specificity Mediated
Thomas Westerling, Damien Hermand and Tomi P. Mäkelä
Activation of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) by phosphorylation of the conserved Tloop is a regulatory step of cell cycle progression that was discovered just a decade ago. A wealth of data regarding this activation and of potential CDK activating kinases (CAKs) has accumu...
Cell Cycle Regulation During G1 Phase in Yeast: Decisions, Decisions, Decisions
Curt Wittenberg and Karin Flick
Coordination of cell cycle events is essential for the faithful duplication of cellular com- ponents during proliferation as well as for the adaptability of cells and organisms to varying internal and environmental conditions. In budding yeast, coordination of many of cell cycle events is impos...
DNA Damage, Cell Cycle Control, and Cancer
Jens Oliver, Temesgen Samuel and H. Oliver Weber
Cell cycle checkpoints constitute a network of signal transduction mechanisms to monitor DNA damage and regulate progression through the cell cycle. A series of events is triggered in cells upon DNA damage. Here we describe a framework for the understanding of the functions of the core components ...
Drosophila CDK7: A Paradigm for CAK in Metazoans
Stéphane Larochelle and Robert P. Fisher
Activation of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) by phosphorylation of the conserved Tloop is a regulatory step of cell cycle progression that was discovered just a decade ago. A wealth of data regarding this activation and of potential CDK activating kinases (CAKs) has accumula...
Functional Interactions Between BRCA1 and the Cell Cycle
Timothy K. MacLachlan and Wafik El-Deiry
The onset of breast cancer in women is one of the most devastating diseases known today, afflicting approximately one in nine women in Western countries. In families that inherit breast and ovarian cancer, BRCA1 mutations account 1 for close to 100% of resultant cancers, and in pe...
G1 Phase Control and Cell Differentiation
María J. Muñoz-Alonso and Javier León
Cell differentiation is usually accompanied by irreversible cell cycle exit. The G1 regula tory molecules have been shown to be exquisitely regulated during the differentiation process and in many models they have been shown to play a pivotal role in differentiation. The cell cycle exit concomi...
G1 Phase Progression and Apoptosis
Caterina Cinti, Carmela Trimarchi and Antonio Giordano
Proliferation and programmed cell death (apoptosis) exert a concerted action in modelling the organism during normal development and in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Both cell cycle progression and apoptosis biochemistry and molecular biology have been widely studied and characterized during th...
G2 Checkpoint and Anticancer Therapy
Zoe A. Stewart and Jennifer A. Pietenpol
Over the past two decades, the basic molecular events controlling eukaryotic G2 to M-phase cell cycle transition have been deciphered. Studies in a variety of organisms have identified an evolutionarily conserved system for controlling mitotic onset through regulation of Cdc2 kinase ...
Hypoxia and Cell Cycle
Rachel A. Freiberg, Susannah L. Green and Amato J. Giaccia
Tumor initiation is dependent on several key changes in the requirements for cell growth. Three of the most important features that distinguish transformed cells from untransformed cells are the loss of senescence, anchorage independent growth, and loss of contact inhibition. Cells that adopt ...
Impact of Nutrients on the Cell Cycle of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C. Theo Verrips
The length of G1 phase of S. cerevisiae is mainly determined by the flux of nutrients. However this relation is not linear, as below a growth limiting C-flux of about 20 fmol.cell-1.h-1, this C-flux is not longer mainly directed to energy production and synthesis of building blocks for biopolymer...
Non-Apoptotic Responses to Anticancer Agents: Mitotic Catastrophe, Senescence, and the Role of p53 and p21
Igor B. Roninson, Bey-Dih Chang, Eugenia V. Broude
Chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation inhibit tumor cell proliferation by inducing growth arrest and cell death. The best-studied antiproliferative response to anticancer agents is programmed cell death or apoptosis. Inhibition of apoptosis, however, has been frequently found to have little or ...
p53, Apoptosis, and Cancer Therapy
Rosandra Kaplan and David E. Fisher
Several decades of genetic and molecular study have revealed enormous insights into the mechanistic underpinnings of cancer. From the identification of dominantly acting oncogenes to the signaling pathways which modulate the cell cycle, our understanding of the machinery of cell cycle progre...
Progression from G0 through G1 and into S on Two Waves of Growth Factor-Driven Signaling
Steven M. Jones and Andrius Kazlauskas
A widely used model system to investigate cell proliferation is stimulation of serum-arrested cells with growth factors. Recent data suggest that there are two waves of growth factor-dependent signaling events required for a proliferative response. One is an acute burst of signaling, whi...
Progression from G0 through G1 and into S on Two Waves of Growth Factor-Driven Signaling
Steven M. Jones and Andrius Kazlauskas
A widely used model system to investigate cell proliferation is stimulation of serum-arrested cells with growth factors. Recent data suggest that there are two waves of growth factor-dependent signaling events required for a proliferative response. One is an acute burst of signaling, which occurs...
Regulation of G1 Phase of Yeast Cells by Stress
Enrique Herrero, María Angeles de la Torre, Jordi Torres and Gemma Bellí
Different environmental stresses, among them heat, hyperosmotic and oxidative ones, cause yeast cells to arrest at G1. The duration of the arrest is proportional to the intensity of the stress, and is concomitant to down-regulation of CLN1/CLN2 expression. In certain cases it has ...
Regulation of Signaling and the Cell Cycle by Cell Interactions with the Extracellular Matrix
R.L. Juliano
Adhesive interactions with the extracellular matrix, mediated primarily by integrins and transmembrane proteoglycans, play a key role in regulating the G1 phase of the cell cycle. A primary aspect of this is adhesion regulation of important signaling pathways, particularly the Erk/MAP Kinase c...
Restriction Points in the G1 Phase of the Mammalian Cell Cycle
Johannes Boonstra
Progression through the cell cycle of mammalian cells is dependent upon external factors such as growth- and extracellular matrix factors. On the other hand, cell cycle progres sion can be inhibited by the addition of specific inhibitors of cell proliferation, or by stress conditions. In most c...
Role of Cyclins and Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in G1 Phase Progression
R. Curtis Bird
Cyclin and the cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) are the principle regulators of cell cycle progression through activation of cell cycle checkpoints. These are the core of the complex that composes the mechanism which drives the irreversible transitions that must be successfully negotiated for c...
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