Development
Chapters
page 1 of 9 pages | next »Epithelial Morphogenesis: A Physico-Evolutionary Interpretation
Stuart A. Newman
The molding of living tissues that occurs during development, regeneration, wound heal-ing, and various pathological processes is referred to as morphogenesis. During morphogenetic events tissue masses may disperse, form internal foci of cell condensation, lengthen or shorten, or acqu...
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Interactions in Gastrointestinal Development
Drucilla J. Roberts
The epithelial-mesenchymal interaction (EM) is a critical mechanism employed during embryogenesis. The signaling between these two different tissues is required to form the functional unit of the systems in which it is used. The gastrointestinal tract (gut) is dependent on EM interact...
3D Structure of Myosin Crossbridges in Insect Flight Muscle: Toward Visualization of the Conformations During Myosin Motor Action
Mary C. Reedy
Insect flight muscle (IFM) provides a model system that allows direct viewing of individual myosin head structures in situ that give rise to the average structures reported by X-ray patterns and by the mechanical behavior of the fibers. Coordinating x-ray diffraction, physiological monitoring and...
A Naturalist’s View of Insect Flight Muscle
Bernd Heinrich
By almost any measure, insects as a group are an astounding evolutionary achievement. Through their diversity and their adaptation to a great range of life-styles, forms, and physical and biological environments, they offer unparalleled insights into the constraints, selective pressures and the r...
A Role of Functional Brain Asymmetry in Human Adaptation
Elena I. Nikolaeva and Vitaly P. Leutin
In the present review the data on distribution of individuals with different sensory and motor asymmetric characteristics are discussed. A joint index that more completely profiles functional sensorimotor asymmetry (i.e., a right- or left-side preference or absence of this preference for the...
Actin and Arthrin
John C. Sparrow
Filamentous actin forms the core of all muscle thin filaments and is an integral part of the acto-myosin motor system that powers muscle contraction. Muscle actin isoforms show considerable sequence conservation compared to all actins, but insect actins form a distinct group. Within insect actins...
Afterword
Jamie Davies
The subject of this book - branching morphogenesis - may seem to be very narrow, yet its chapters extend into a surprising number of aspects of modern biological science. The systems examined range from genes and signal transduction pathways, through morphogenetic apparatus within single cells to...
An Evolutionary Perspective on Eukaryotic Membrane Trafficking
Cemal Gurkan, Atanas V. Koulov and William E. Balch
The eukaryotic cell is defined by a complex set of sub-cellular compartments that include endomembrane systems making up the exocytic and endocytic trafficking pathways. Current evidence suggests that both the function and communication between these compartments are regulated by distinct families o...
An Eye for a Predator: Lateralization in Birds, with Particular Reference to the Australian Magpie
Lesley J. Rogers and Gisela Kaplan
Avian species with their eyes placed laterally on the sides of their head show eye preferences for viewing stimuli at a distance, as determined by the angle of the head adopted when they use the monocular field of vision. Studies of a number of species have revealed that eye preferences are present ...
An Introduction to Muscle Development in Drosophila
Helen Sink
Muscles have multiple roles in organisms. These roles range from facilitating conscious and unconscious movement, to maintaining posture, stabilizing joints, generating body heat, and moving substances within the body. To successfully carry out these functions, each muscle must develop as the rig...
An Overview of Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome and the Anterior Segment Developmental Disorders
Brad A. Amendt
The preceding chapters have described the current research on the genetic, molecular and biochemical basis for Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS). They also provided infor mation on anterior segment disorders by PITX and FOXC1 genes characterized by maldevelopment of the anterior segment of the eye. ...
Anteroposterior Regionalization of the Brain: Genetic and Comparative Aspects
Robert Lichtneckert and Heinrich Reichert
Developmental genetic analyses of embryonic CNS development in Drosophila have uncovered the role of key, high‑order developmental control genes in anteroposterior regionalization of the brain. The gene families that have been characterized include the otd/Otx and ems/Emx genes which are invol...
Asymmetry Functions and Brain Energetic Homeostasis
Marina P. Chernisheva
Living organism as an opened nonequillibrium thermodynamic system posesses many properties, which permit to evade the “heat death”. An analysis of these properties permit to imagine the general function of asymmetry as regulation of energetic homeostasis and, in particulary, an entropy p...
Avian Somitogenesis: Translating Time and Space into Pattern
Beate Brand-Saberi, Stefan Rudloff and Anton J. Gamel
Vertebrates have a metameric bodyplan that is based on the presence of paired somites. Somites develop from the segmental plate in a cranio‑caudal sequence. At the same time, new material is added from Hensen’s node, the primitive streak and the tail bud. In this way, the material residing i...
bHLH Proteins and Their Role in Somitogenesis
Miguel Maroto, Tadahiro Iimura, J. Kim Dale and Yasumasa Bessho
The most obvious manifestation of the existence of a segmented, or metameric, body plan in vertebrate embryos is seen during the formation of the somites. Somites are transient embryonic structures formed in a progressive manner from a nonsegmented mesoderm in a highly regulated process called somit...
Branching in Colonial Hydroids
I.A. Kosevich
Cnidarians are primitive multi-cellular animals whose body is constructed of two epi thelial layers and whose gastric cavity has only one opening. Most cnidarians are colo nial. Colonial hydroids with their branched body can be regarded as a model for the whole phylum and are the most- studied cn...
Branching in Fungal Hyphae and Fungal Tissues: Growing Mycelia in a Desktop Computer
David Moore, Liam J. McNulty and Audrius Meskauskas
In mycelial fungi the formation of hyphal branches is the only way in which the number of growing points can be increased. Cross walls always form at right angles to the long axis of a hypha, and nuclear division is not necessarily linked to cell division. Consequently, no matter how many nuclear...
Branching Morphogenesis in Mammalian Kidneys
Jamie A. Davies
Branching morphogenesis is an important mechanism for the development of the permanent kidneys of reptiles, mammals and birds. Branching of renal epithelia is similar to that seen in the other organs described in this book1 but organogenesis of kidneys has unique features that, at the expense of ...
Branching Morphogenesis in Vertebrate Neurons
Katherine M. Kollins and Roger W. Davenport
Within the developing vertebrate nervous system, strict control of branching morphogenesis is essential for establishing appropriate circuitry, since the geometry of neuronal arbors critically influences their functional properties. Thus, identification of the specific molecules and mechanisms in...
Branching Morphogenesis of the Prostate
A.A. Thomson and P.C. Marker
The prostate is a male sex accessory organ whose development is regulated by androgens and mesenchymal/epithelial interactions. The organ comprises branched epithelial ducts within a stroma consisting of fibroblasts and smooth muscle as well as other components such as vasculature and nerves. Th...
Branching of Single Cells in Arabidopsis
Daniel Bouyer and Martin Huelskamp
Branching of single cells is controlled by intracellular or extracellular cues that lead to the establishment of a polarity axis and subsequently to the local activation of growth activ ity. Three model cell types in Arabidopsis, that elucidate different mechanisms of branch formation in single c...
C. elegans Integrins
Michel Labouesse and Elisabeth Georges-Labouesse
C. elegans has only one beta integrin chain, called PAT-3, and two alpha integrin chains, called PAT-2 and INA-1. C. elegans integrins are essential for muscle anchoring to the epidermis, cell migration, axon outgrowth and fasciculation, and epithelial morphogenesis. Genetic analysis of this simp...
Cadherin-Mediated Cell-Cell Adhesion and the Microtubule Network
Cécile Gauthier-Rouvière, Marie Causeret, Franck Comunale, Sophie Charrasse
Classical cadherin adhesion molecules are not only essential for the formation of cell-cell junctions but also act as adhesion-activated signaling receptors involved in a diverse range of physiological processes. Cadherins through their association with catenin proteins interact with the actin cy...
Caveolin-3 and Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy
Ferruccio Galbiati and Michael P. Lisanti
Caveolin-3 is the principal structural protein component of caveolae membrane domains in skeletal muscle cells. Caveolae are plasma membrane invaginations implicated in the regulation of signal transduction events. The roles that caveolin-3 plays in skeletal muscle cell physiology are becoming mo...
Cell Adhesion and Signalling in the Muscular Dystrophies
Steven J. Winder
Many of the muscular dystrophies are caused by defects in proteins involved in main taining connections between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix – cell adhe sion complexes. Cell adhesion complexes in many other systems are associated with major signalling pathways involved in regulatin...
page 1 of 9 pages | next »
