Heart
Chapters
page 1 of 3 pages | next »Coronary Sinus Interventions in Experimental Research: A Review
Harold L. Lazar and Richard J. Shemin
Despite optimal myocardial protection, ventricular dysfunction may still occur in the postoperative period following the revascularization of acutely ischemic myocardium. As more high risk patients with acute ischemic syndromes and reduced ejection fractions present for surgical revascul...
Coronary Venous Interventions (Experimental Clinical Studies)
Samuel Meerbaum
The thrust of advances in interventional cardiology has been aimed at treatment of myocardial jeopardy associated with coronary insufficiency. With surgical coronary artery bypass firmly established, the clinical armamentarium was more recently enriched by thrombolytic reperfusion to ...
Coronary Venous Retroinfusion During Interventional Cardiology
Peter Boekstegers
During the past decade, several percutaneous support devices for coronary angioplasty have been developed with the aim of improving myocardial tolerance to ischemia, thereby increasing the safety of coronary angioplasty and allowing the expansion of its indications. Thus, supported co...
Adrenergic Stress
Baroldi, Giorgio, Malcolm Silver
For millenia mors subita (sudden death) was more a voodoo-religious concept bio-pathologic problem. Cases are reported episodically in ancient writings Phidippides, cited above, who died suddenly crying to the Athenians “Nike” against the Persian, having run 22 mi. 1,470 yd from Marathon to Athen...
Apoptosis in Ischemia - Reperfusion Injury
Harald Darius, Waltraud Ibe and Michael Buerke
Apoptosis or "programmed cell death" has recently been recognized to be involved in several cardiovascular diseases. There are some histologic criteria as well as histochemical, biochemical and gel electrophoretic methods developed for the detection of apoptosis in isolated cel...
Away from Ischemic Preconditioning and Towards Pharmacological Preconditioning
Louis P. Perrault and Philippe Menasché
Endogenous myocardial protection refers to the natural defense mechanisms available to the heart to withstand an ischemic injury. So far these mechanisms have been shown to encompass two phenomena most likely interrelated: ischemic preconditioning and stress protein synthesis. Ischemic P...
Basic Considerations and Techniques in Coronary Sinus
Werner Mohl
Thank God for the ingenious device of coronary ventricular channels, which relieve the myocardium from the coronary blood and thus prevent accumulations of interstitial fluid' wrote Adam Christian Thebesius in 1703 in his thesis De circulo sanguine ...
Cardiac Remodeling and Heart Failure
Jeffrey H. Omens*, Andrew D. McCulloch and Ilka Lorenzen-Schmidt
Mechanotransduction is the process by which the cells of the heart convert mechanical signals to chemical signals responsible for cellular adaptation and remodeling. When this system cannot meet the demands of increased loading conditions, the cellular response will not be adequate, and eventuall...
Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Inflammation
Francois Dagenais
In the 1920s, Brukhonenko was the first to advance the concept of total body perfusion with removal of the heart.1 However, the development of a true heart-lung machine could not be fully explored until the emergence of new scientific knowledge, such as blood compatibility, identification of a re...
Cerebral Complications Following Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery
Marzia Leache and Raymond Cartier
Cerebral complications constitute the leading cause of morbidity and disability after heart surgery. Although many cerebral deficits resolve with time, others remain a major handicap with devastating effects on both patients and their families. The reported incidence of perioperative stroke range...
Changes in Myocardial Gene Expression Following Ischemia and Reperfusion
John W. C. Entwistle III and Andrew S. Wechsler
The heart has the remarkable ability to adapt to a wide variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Some examples of change in the structure and function of the heart include normal growth and development, response to pressure overload, volume overload, hypothyroidism and ische...
Cold/Tepid Cardioplegia
Hendrick B. Barner and Andrew C. Fiore
Hypothermia has been an essential component of myocardial protection for cardiac operations since the beginning.1 The evolution of cardioplegia from crystalloid solutions of intracellular composition to those of extracellular composition and finally to blood based solutions...
Comparative Pathologic Study
Giorgio Baroldi, Malcolm Silver
The objectives were first to compare the different morphologic variables in acute and chronic coronary syndromes to establish the morpho-functional significance of the changes found in coronary vessels and myocardium; second, to evaluate these same variables in a noncardiac population using the s...
Computer Simulation and Modeling of the Coronary Circulation
Friederike Neumann, Martin Neumann, Rudolf Karch, and Wolfgang Schreiner
In the large field of physiological processes such as, for instance, transportation and delivery of substances in the circulatory systems of the body, computer experiments and simulation studies can be very effectively applied. In the computer model, significant characteristics (e.g.,...
Coronary Sinus Interventions During Surgical Treatment of Acute Myocardial
Friedhelm Beyersdorf
In many centers, coronary artery bypass grafting is currently considered during or soon after an acute myocardial infarction only after failed angioplasty. Emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is associated with a higher mortality (6–12%) and an increased risk for dev...
Development of Blood Cardioplegia and Retrograde Techniques, The Experimenter/Observer Complex
Gerald D. Buckberg
A surgical colleague, Dr. Mohl, asked me to describe the course of develop-ments in myocardial protection coming from our studies during the past 28 years, as all seems to flow logically. Such logic may be perceived since events do not normally progress in a coordinated way. It is unc...
Distribution of Antegrade and Retrograde Cardioplegia-Experimental
Gabriel S. Aldea and Richard S. Shemin
Previously published clinical series do not reflect the evolution of myocardial protection, anesthetic, and surgical revascularization techniques. Despite the relentless progressive increase in perioperative comorbid risks in patients undergoing CABG, results have remained uniformly exce...
Effects of Vascular-Interrupting and Hemostatic Devices on Coronary Artery Endothelial Function in Beating Heart Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Roland G. Demaria and Louis P. Perrault
Coronary artery bypass grafting was first conceived and experimented on by the French Nobel Prize winner in Medicine Alexis Carrel at the beginning of the previous century. 1 Sabiston, in 1962, performed the first aortocoronary venous bypass graft in humans, and Kolesov, the first left internal m...
Findings in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Giorgio Baroldi, Malcolm Silver
In keeping with the “unifying theory”, presented by Gorlin et al 1986, CHD has a common etiopathogenetic denominator, i.e., rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and consequent thrombosis and/or microembolization and/or spasm. These induce unstable angina, myocardial infarction and sudden death, a...
Harnessing the Cardioprotective Potential of Nitric Oxide in Nonsurgical and Surgical Ischemic-Reperfusion Injury
Jakob Vinten-Johansen Russell S. Ronson
In cardiac surgery, there are numerous opportunities during the conduct of the operation for both unplanned and hence unprotected ischemia with subsequent reperfusion. These periods of potential injury include 1) antecedent ischemia (regional coronary occlusion, profound hypotension) occ...
Historical Considerations
Raymond Cartier
Recently, performing coronary artery surgery on the beating heart received prime attention even though the concept is evidently not a new one. In 1910, Alexis Carrel (Fig. 1) was the first to propose bypass surgery to correct angina pectoris,1 “In certain cases of angina pectoris, when the mouth ...
ILLUSTRATIONS for the Etiopathogenesis of Coronary Heart Disease
Baroldi, Giorgio, Malcolm Silver
Complete Illustrations for this book.
Indications and Surgical Strategies for OPCAB
Nicolas Durrleman and Raymond Cartier
Since its reintroduction in the late 1990s, OPCAB surgery has been adopted by the inter national community in a proportion fluctuating from 1% to 98%.1,2 This large vari ability clearly reflects an incredible disparity in acceptance of the procedure. Diegler and his team from Leipzig initially pr...
Interrupting Warm Blood Cardioplegia
Harold L. Lazar
Warm blood cardioplegia has emerged as an alternative method of myocardial protection. Initial retrospective clinical studies using warm blood techniques showed good myocardial protection; however, prospective studies comparing warm blood cardioplegia with cold blood cardioplegia were la...
Intracellular Signaling Through Protein Kinases in Cardiac Mechanotransduction
Peter H. Sugden
There is good evidence that stress-induced deformation of the cardiac myocyte can activate intracellular signaling pathways, though how this is brought about is still partly a mystery, some clues being provided by the present volume of reviews. The activation of these signaling pathways is thought t...
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