Heat Shock Proteins
Chapters
Antisense, Heat Shock Proteins and the Heart
A. A. Knowlton
Antisense technology provides a tool with which to dissect the components of the stress response. There are two known endogenous sets of protective proteins, the heat shock proteins (Hsps) and the antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase;1–4 components of both sets of p...
Assembly of Protein Aggregates in Neurodegeneration: Mechanisms Linking the Ubiquitin/Proteasome Pathway and Chaperones
Sha-Ron Pierre, Vita Vernace, Zhiyou Wang and Maria E. Figueiredo-Pereira
In recent years, it has become increasingly evident that the majority of neurodegenerative disorders is associated with the aggregation and deposition of proteins in inclusion bodies. To avoid this abnormal deposition of proteins the cells recruit molecular chaperones to suppress aggregation and...
Cardioprotection by Stress Proteins
Heat Shock Proteins in Myocardial Protection, edited by Rakesh C. Kukreja
Myocardial ischemia causes a series of changes at the intracellular level within the cardiomyocyte. These intracellular changes include changes in calcium levels, altered osmotic control, membrane damage, generation of free radicals, a decrease in intra-cellular pH, depressed intracellul...
Heat Shock Proteins and the Regulation of Apoptosis
Una FitzGerald, Adrienne M. Gorman and Afshin Samali
Since the elucidation of their functions in protein folding and translocation, heat shock protein chaperones have been a target of research in all spheres of biomedicine. Within the last five years, research efforts have intensified, following the discovery of raised levels of heat shock protein (...
Heat Shock Proteins in Multiple Sclerosis
Celia F. Brosnan, Luca Battistini and Krzysztof Selmaj
In this review, we have addressed the possible contribution of heat shock proteins (HSP) to the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). A particular focus of the review is on the families of HSP27, HSP60 and HSP70 bec...
Heat Shock Proteins: Expression and Functional Roles in Nerve Cells and Glia
Christiane Richter-Landsberg
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) or so called stress proteins have multifunctional roles and are involved in many physiological processes, such as cell cycle control, cell proliferation, development, organisation of the cytoarchitecture, regulation of cell death and survival, and play regulatory roles in ...
Heat Stress Proteins: A Possible Route to Myocardial Protection
Mohamed Amrani, Caroline C. Gray and Magdi H. Yacoub
Heat stress proteins (hsp) are induced by a variety of stimuli including elevated temperature,1 ischemia,2 hypoxia,3 pressure overload4 and some chemicals. They help to maintain the metabolic and structural integrity of the cell, as a protec...
Heme Oxygenase as a Therapeutic Funnel in Nutritional Redox Homeostasis and Cellular Stress Response: Role of Acetylcarnitine
Vittorio Calabrese, Giovanni Pennisi, Menotti Calvani, Annamaria Giuffrida, D. Allan Butterfield and Cesare Mancuso
Reduction of cellular expression and activity of antioxidant proteins and the consequent increase of oxidative stress are fundamental causes for both the aging processes and neurodegenerative diseases. Oxidative stress has been implicated in mechanisms leading to neuronal cell injury in various path...
Hsp70 and Ischemia Tolerance in the Compromised Heart Ger J. van der Vusse
Luc H.E.H. Snoeckx, Richard N.M. Cornelussen, Robert S. Reneman and
The discovery in eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms of a prompt and specific response to heat shock, known as the heat shock response, has stimulated the development of a complete new research domain, in which the potential protective role of stress induced proteins in organisms, ti...
Hsp72 in the Regulation of TNF–a Production:
Xianzhong Meng
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induces the production of the cardiac depressant cytokine tumor necrosis factor–a (TNF–a). Macrophages (Mf) are the main sources of tissue TNF–a, and nuclear fa...
Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury and Heat Shock Proteins
Junichiro Nishizawa and Kazuhiro Nagata
Ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction remains the most prevalent cause of death in developed countries despite advances in modern medicine. Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment have allowed at early stages, the rapid return of blood flow by surgical, interventional or pha...
Physiological Role of Heat Shock Protein 27
Dipak K. Das and Nilanjana Maulik
Heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is a stress–inducible cytosolic protein that is ubiquitously present in many normal cells. The synthesis of Hsp27 is induced by heat shock and other environmental and pathophysiologic stresses such as UV radiation, hypoxia and ischemia.1–4
Preconditioning of Cardiac Myocytes: Studies Using Cultured Neonatal
Jan A. Post, Chris T.W.M. Schneijdenberg and Arie J. Verkleij
The acquisition of tolerance towards myocardial ischemia and reperfusion can be acquired by several preconditioning procedures. The original preconditioning protocol described for myocardial tissue was reported by Murry et al1 and comprised a few short periods of ischemia o...
Role of Heat Shock Proteins, Protein Kinase C and ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel in Delayed Myocardial Protection
Rakesh C. Kukreja, Yong-Zhen Qian and Jeffery B. Hoag
Heat shock proteins (Hsp's) are one of the highly conserved proteins in existence, found in every organism.1 These proteins are synthesized quickly and intensely in response to stressors and are known to protect the cells from the toxic effects of heat and other stresses....
Small Heat Shock Proteins and the Cytoskeleton: Their Role in Inclusion Body Formation in Glial Cells
Christiane Richter-Landsberg and Olaf Goldbaum
The integrity of the cytoskeleton is an essential determinant for the function and survival of nerve cells and glia, and hence provides a sensitive target for stress situations. The small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) aB-crystallin and HSP25/27 specifically interact with cytoskeletal elements, i...
Stress Proteins in Myocardial Protection
Richard Carroll and Derek M. Yellon
In all organisms examined heat stress results in the synthesis of a specific group of proteins known as the heat shock or stress proteins (Hsps). Cells that accumulate these proteins adapt and become resistant to further heat stress, a protection that seems directlydependent on stress...
Stress Proteins in Myocardial Protection: Culture Shock Protein, Heme Oxygenase–1 (Hsp32), Induced by Sublethal Stresses Protects the Heart Against Oxidative Stress
Shiro Hoshida
The formation of a stress protein comprises a mechanism of cell protection highly conserved in evolution. As the induction of stress proteins makes cells more tolerant towards a second, more toxic, and otherwise lethal stress, the stress protein response might be involved in cardiopro...
The Role of Heat Shock Proteins during Neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s Disease
Andreas Wyttenbach* and André Patrick Arrigo
A number of acute and chronic neurodegenerative conditions are associated by protein misfolding and aggregation of proteins within and outside cells. Misfolded proteins and protein aggregation are controlled by molecular chaperones such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) that are constitutively and ind...
The Role of Hsps in Neuronal Differentiation and Development
Kate Reed Herbert, Afshin Samali and Adrienne Gorman*
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are expressed during development of the nervous system in a temporally and spatially controlled pattern that does not appear to be linked to activation of heat shock transcription factors. The distinct patterns of Hsp expression suggest that they perform unique roles du...
