MHC
Chapters
Applicability of Matching for Minor Histocompatibility Antigens in
Paul J. Martin
Marrow transplantation is often complicated by graft–versus–host disease (GVHD). Billingham1 formulated the requirements for GVHD as (1) genetically determined histocompatibility differences between the recipient and donor, (2) the presence of immunocompetent cells i...
Identifying T Cell-Defined Histocompatibility Antigens by Expression Cloning
Lisa M. Mendoza, Pedro Paz, Aamir Zuberi, Gregory Christianson, Derry Roopenian, Nilabh Shastri
Minor histocompatibility (H) antigens were first defined at the cellular level approxi-mately 50 years ago.1,2 Since then, over 50 distinct H loci have been identified based upon their inheritance and segregation patterns in recombinant and congenic mouse str...
Lessons from H3, A Model Autosomal Mouse Minor Histocompatibility
Derry Roopenian
Histoincompatibility was first detected in mice at the beginning of the 20th century. The great majority of the loci responsible for this complex genetic trait are located on the autosomal chromosomes. The ability to customize the mouse genome by the production of congenic stocks of mice...
Antigens Encountered During Organ Transplantation
Thalachallour Mohanakumar, Craig R. Smith, Bashoo Naziruddin and Nancy
Transplantation of bone marrow and solid organs initiates a complex array of immuno-logical responses in the recipient. A perfect match at both major and minor histocompatibility (H) antigens is a very rare occurrence. Therefore, immune system of the recipient is confronted with an array...
Genetic Linkage Analysis to Identify Minor Histocompatibility Loci
David Ginsburg and William C. Nichols
Graft–versus–host disease (GVHD), a major complication of clinical bone marrow transplantation (BMT), results from the recognition of determinants in the host as foreign by immunologic effector cells derived from the transplanted donor bone marrow.1,2 Though not gene...
Human Tumor Antigens Recognized by Cytolytic T Lymphocytes: Towards
Pierre van der Bruggen
Cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs) have been shown to mediate tumor rejection in several animal models. In humans, tumor immunologists are working under the assumption that T lymphocytes might be able to eradicate cancer cells as effectively as they do with virus–infected cells. An exciting ...
Identification of Human Minor Histocompatability Antigens: Towards
Els Goulmy
Minor histocompatibility (H) antigens are readily studied in the HLA identical Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) setting. BMT in combination with chemoradiotherapy is used as a treatment for severe aplastic anemia, leukemia, and other hematologic malignancies. The ideal transplant situat...
Infectious Tolerance with CD4 Monoclonal Antibodies: A Role for Minors
Matt Wise, Frederike Bemelman, Stephen Cobbold and Herman Waldmann
One of the major goals of therapeutic immunosuppression is to use shortterm therapy to achieve longterm tolerance. Short courses of treatment with antibodies specific for CD4 molecules on T cells can create peripheral tolerance in a mature rodent immune system to skin, heart or marrow...
Mapping Human Minor Histocompatibility Genes
Patrick G. Beatty and James C. Jenkin
In allogeneic human blood and bone marrow transplantation, it has been apparent for many years that although disparity for HLA can contribute to both graft rejection and graft versus host disease, there are also important non–HLA loci involved.1 This conclusion is based o...
Mechanisms and Implications of Immunodominance
Claude Perreault, Stéphane Pion and Denis C. Roy
Minor H antigens have two fundamental characteristics:
they are MHC–associated self peptides derived from the partial proteolysis of endogenous proteins, and they are polymorphic and immunogenic for T cells.1–7 Because of...Mitochondrially-Encoded Minor Histocompatibility Antigens
Geoffrey W. Butcher and Lesley L. Young
The mystery of the molecular nature of minor histocompatibility (H) antigens is solved: this volume, and the meeting that begot it, record both that fact and the uses to which this new knowledge is being put. Historically the solution to the mystery is in no small part due to the stud...
Mouse Models for Graft-Versus-Host Disease
Robert Korngold, Marc A. Berger, Debbie Statton and Thea M. Friedman
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation BMT) has developed into an important therapeutic approach for the treatment of hematologic disorders, and in particular several forms of leukemia.1 However, BMT is still hampered by the development of donor T cell–mediated graft–...
Sizing Up the Set of H Genes in Mice
Donald W. Bailey
Early studies in histocompatibility focused on the number of genes that evoke graft rejection. Initially, (H) genes were treated together as a set and the size of this set was the most important question. Not until George Snell isolated H genes in congenic strains1 could an in...
Skin-Specific Minor Histocompatibility Antigens: A Critical Appraisal
David Steinmuller
In 1962 Silverman and Chin1 reported that some radiation chimeras they had constructed rejected skin grafts from the bone marrow cell (BMC) donor without losing BM chimerism. The model was a xenogeneic one, lethally irradiated C57BL mice restored with Sprague-Dawley rat BMC, a...
Some Personal Reflections on the History of Minor Histocompatibility
Hans–Georg Rammensee
My first research project in immunology was given to me in 1979 by Jan Klein at the Max Planck Institute for Biology in Tübingen. He explained to me what minor histo-compatibility (H) antigens are, or more exactly, what was known about them, and suggested that I test the polymorphis...
The Diversity and Characteristics of T–Cell Receptors Specific
Peter J. Wettstein and Sean L. Johnston
Many histocompatibility (H) antigens stimulate rejection of allografts and graft–versus-host disease (GVHD) following bone marrow transplantation in mammals. They can be subdivided into two groups:
alloantigens encoded by genes mapping to the major histocompatibilit...The Male-Specific Minor Histocompatibility Antigen, HY
Elizabeth Simpson, Phillip Chandler and Diane Scott
HY was not the first minor histocompatibility (H) antigen to be detected in mice, since the work of several investigators during the first half of the 20th century had previously established that there were a number of independently segregating loci controlling the rejection of alloge...
